تبیین مدل هویت مکان-حس مکان و بررسی عناصر و ابعاد مختلف آن* نمونه موردی: پیاده راه شهرری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد رشته طراحی شهری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تهران مرکز، تهران، ایران

2 استادیار مرکز تحقیقات راه، مسکن و شهرسازی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

چکیده
 
ظاهر فیزیکی، فعالیت­ها و معانی مواد خام هویت مکان­ هستند. حس مکان جنبه دیگری از هویت مکان، در درون این عناصر نیست. بلکه در اثر ارتباط متقابل انسان با این عوامل شکل می گیرد. حال این سوال­ها مطرح است که رابطه بین هویت مکان و حس مکان چگونه است؟ چگونه می­توان به یک مکان، با هویت خاص خود دست یافت؟ با توجه به بررسی­های انجام گرفته، هویت مکان را می­توان معادل با حس مکانِ "ما" دانست و در پاسخ به سئوال دوم، باید گفت که هویت مکان بخشیدنی نیست، بلکه طی زمان و فرآیندی به وسیله مردم شکل می­گیرد، اما ابتدا باید از طریق عوامل فیزیکی، فعالیت و معنا به عنوان مولفه­های تشکیل­دهنده، اقدامات لازم در راستای رسیدن به هویت مکان را انجام داد. دراین نوشتار، با هدف بازیابی و معرفی نقش هریک از عناصر و اجزای تشکیل­دهنده هویت و حس مکان، بر پایه مرور متون و اسناد مرتبط در این زمینه، به­بررسی آرا و نظرات صاحبنظران پرداخته ­شده ­است. پس از بررسی عوامل و عناصر مختلف و نیز طبقه­بندی عوامل دخیل در آن، به تبیین مدلی نو از عناصر و فرآیند شکل­گیری هویت مکان و بررسی مدل مذکور در پیاده­راه شهرری (به عنوان موردپژوهشی) پرداخته شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Stating the Model of Identity of Place-Sense of Place and Surveying its Constituents* Case Study: Pedestrian Passage of Shahre Rey

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossein Kashi 1
  • Naser Bonyadi 2
1 M. A. in Urban Design, Department of Urban Planning, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Research Center of Ministry of Housing and Urban Development, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

One of seminal factors on urban life quality is attention to place as an inclined ensemble and attention to identity of place as a basic to know a particular place into unique entity. Identity of place originates from individual and public values and beliefs, and gets depth, spread and change by passing time. Physical attributes, activities and meanings are inchoate elements of identity of places. There is another aspect of identity of place named Genus Loci or sense of place that is less perceptible than others. Sense of place is not inside of those elements even it is formed from mutual relation between human and them. Now there are some questions: how is the relationship between identity of place and sense of place? And how we can achieve a unique identified place? Considering this research, to answer first question, we can equate identity of place with "our" sense of place; and to answer second question, we find that identity of place is not a self-styled matter. It is formed by people step by step and during time. But first of all we should do essential implementations in line with achieving identity of place through. Physical setting, activity and meaning as components of it. Those measurements are: 1- Assessing current conditions based on built meanings in human mind with human sense of place. For example in this level, we assess relation between human and physical setting of place. The aim of this assessment is comprehension of points of users concerning different physical elements of place. Advantages of those points of view indicate existing common, prominent and clear bodies in terms of users and then exercising existent elements and designing based on them. 2- Designing of physical setting, activity and meaning based on done assessment of conditions. In this level, based on done assessment of current conditions and perception of main effective elements on identity of place, we strengthen these elements in relation to kind of correlation between human and place. 3- User planning and participating over time. Userplanning and participating over time is requisite to achieve identity of place for sustainability and durability. 4- Achieving identity of place over time. Based on these four measurements, constituent elements of identity of place are human, place, sense of place (physical setting, activity and meaning), participation, planning and time. Achieving procedure to identity of place, by above elements, is: At first we consider existence of human and place, and making human-human and human-place relationship that organize sense of place. Then constituent elements of identity of place including physical setting, activity and meaning are made by human and his planning and participating over time and finally place will be received its own unique identity. At the first, this article surveys related contentions and thoughts in order to recovery and detection role of each constituent of identity and sense of place, base on reviewing related literature. Then, we introduce a novel model of constituents and formation process of identity of place, and after that, experiment this model in case study.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Key words: Identity of Place
  • Sense of Place
  • Man
  • place
  • time

مراجع

رلف، ادوارد (1389)، مکان و بی مکانی، محمدرضا نقصان محمدی و دیگران، انتشارات آرمان شهر، تهران.
کرمونا، متیو و دیگران (1388)، مکان های عمومی فضاهای شهری، فریبا قرائی و دیگران، دانشگاه هنر، تهران.
لینچ، کوین (1376)، تئوری شکل خوب شهر، حسین بحرینی، انتشارات دانشگاه تهران، تهران.
مدنی پور، علی (1379)، طراحی فضای شهری، نگرشی بر فرآیندی اجنماعی و مکانی، فرهاد مرتضایی، انتشارات شرکت پردازش و برنامه ریزی شهری، تهران.
نوربرگ شولتز، کریستین (1377)، فلسفه فضای معماری، ابوالقاسم سید صدر، نشر بیلبانی، تهران.
نوربرگ شولتز، کریستین (1382)، معماری: معنا و مکان، ویدا نوروز برازجانی، انتشارات جان جهان، تهران.
Bonaiuto, M. Fornara, F. and Bonnes, M. (2002), Indexes of perceived residential environment quality and neighborhood attachment in urban environments: a confirmation study on the city of Rome, Landscape and Urban Planning, 988, 1-12. Carmona, M., Heath, T., Oc, T. and Tiesdell, S. (2003), Public Places- Urban Spaces, Architectural Press, Oxford.
Carmona, M. Tiesdell, S. (2007), Urban design reader, Architectural Press, Oxford.
Cross, JE. (2001), What is Sense of Place, Archives of the Twelfth Headwaters Conference, November 2-4, 2001, 1-14. Dominy, M. (2001), Calling the station home: Place and identity in New Zealand’s high country,: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, Lanham.
Hummon, D. (1992), Community attachment: local sentiment & sense of place, Plenum, New York.
Kaltenborn, B.P. 1998. Effects of sense of place on responses to environmental impact: a case study among residents in an Arctic community. Applied Geography. 18(2): 169–189.
Lansing, J. B., Marans, R.W. and Zehner, R. B. (1970), Planned residential Environments, Ann Arbor, University of Michigan, Survey Research Center.
Lewicka, M. (2008), Place attachment, place identity, and place memory: Restoring the forgotten city past, Environmental Psychology, 28, 209-231.
Lynch, K. (1960), The Image of the City, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.
Montgomery, J. (1998), Making a city: Urbanity, vitality and urban design, Urban Design, no. 1, 93-115.
Nairn, I. (1965), The American Landscape, Random House, New York.
Norberg-Schulz, C. (1997), The Phenomenon of Place, Princton Architectural Press, New York.
Norberg-Schulz, C.(1981), Genuis Loci. Rizzoli, New York.
Pretty, G. H., Chipuer, H. M., & Bramston, P. (2003), Sense of place amongst adolescents and adults in two rural Australian towns: the discriminating features of place attachment, sense of community and place dependence in relation to place identity. Environmental Psychology, No. 23, 273-287.
Proshansky, H. M., Fabian, A. K., & Kaminoff, R. (1983), Place identity: Physical world socialization of the self, Environmental Psychology, No. 3, 87-113.
Punter, J. (1991), Participation in the design of urban space, Landscape Design, no. 200, 24-27.
Relph, E. (1976), Place and Placelessness, Pion Limited, London.
Relph, E. (2007), Spirit of Place and Sense of Place in Virtual Realities, Techne, no. 10(3), 17-25.
Salvesen, D. (2002), The Making of Place, Research On Place & Space Website, 20 Feb. 2003; 12 Mar 2003, <http://www.matr.net/print-4108.html>.
Shamai,S. (1991), Sense of place: an empirical measurement, Isreael, geoforum, Vol.22, pp: 347-358.
Sircus, J. (2001), Invented Places, Prospect, 81, Sept/Oct,30–35.
Stedman, R. (2002), Toward a social psychology of place: Predictive behavior from place-based cognitions, attitudes, and identity. Environmental Behavior, No. 34, 561-581.
Steele, F.(1981), The Sense of Place, Boston, CBI Publishing Company.
Stefanovic, I. L. (1998) Phenomenological Encounters with Place: Cavtat to Square One, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 18, 31-44.
Tuan, Y. F.(1980), Rootedness versus sense of place, Landscape, No. 24, 3-8.
Turner, P., & Turner, S. (2006). Place, sense of place, and presence. Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 15(2), 204–217.
Xu, Yan. (1995), Sense of Place and Identity, Research On Place & Space Website; 20 Feb. 2003; 12 Mar 2003; <http://www.eslarp.uiuc.edu/la/LA437-F95/repots/yards/main.html>
نشریه هنرهای زیبا: معماری و شهرسازی
دوره 18، شماره 3
مهر 1392
صفحه 43-52

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار