موقعیت مند بودن انتخاب ابزار ترسیم در فرایند طراحی*

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد مهندسی معماری، گروه مهندسی معماری، دانشکدۀ هنر و معماری، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران.

2 استادیار گروه مهندسی معماری، دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان، ایران.

چکیده

توسعۀ کاربرد رایانه در حوزۀ طراحی مفهومی، شبهات و در عین حال نگرانی هایی را در مورد حفظ جایگاه مهم دست نگاره در فرایند طراحی به همراه داشته است. هدف تحقیق پاسخ به این پرسش است که کدام یک از دو ابزار دست یا دیجیتال برای مسئله گشایی اوایل طراحی مناسب تر است. با بررسی مطالعات گذشته و تحلیل متون، ابتدا با استفاده از جداول تحلیل محتوای استقرایی، گزاره ها کدگذاری و شباهت های محتوایی مقوله سازی گردید و معیار«قابلیت ارتقای سطوح شناختی ابزار در مرحلۀ طراحی مفهومی» به عنوان معیار مقایسۀ دو ابزار تعیین گردید. سپس  با استفاده از جداول تحلیل محتوای قیاسی این نتیجه کلی استنباط گردید که انتخاب نوع ابزار ترسیم در مراحل ابتدای طراحی صرفا وابسته به توانایی ابزار در ارتقای سطوح شناختی (مفهوم سازی و بصری سازی) نیست بلکه مرتبط با شبکه ای از قیود تاثیرگذار بر موقعیت است. بر این اساس طرحواره ای از تاثیر قیود مداخله گر بر موقعیت طراحی و ارتباط آن با سطوح شناخت مطرح شد. این فرضیه پیشنهاد شد که انتخاب ابزار ترسیم در فرایند طراحی تصمیمی هوشمندانه و موقعیت مند است و نمی توان دستورالعمل مطلقی برای انتخاب نوع ابزار مسئله گشایی تجویز نمود. چنین فرضیه ای می تواند رویکرد مطالعات بعدی طراحی پژوهی را جهت دهی نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The situational nature of the selection of drawing tool in the design process*

نویسندگان [English]

  • NOOSHIN KARAMI 1
  • Gholamreza Talischi 2
1 Master of Architecture, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Art & Architecture, Bu-Ali-Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Facuty of Art & Architectire, Bu-Ali-Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The development of computer use in the field of conceptual design has brought doubts and at the same time concerns regarding the maintaining of the significantrole of hand drawings in the design process. In other words, advances in computer-aided design over time have influenced the attitudes and working methods of contemprory designers in addressing problems. According to some designers of the current generation,  computers can now assume the traditional role of hand drawings in the design process. This view contrasts with that  of expert designers who assert that hand drawings still retain a special place in the design process. The aim of this research is to address the question of which of the two tools, manual or digital, is more suitable for problem solving in the early stages of design. By reviewing past studies and analyzing texts using content analysis tables, we sought to provide a comparative assessment of the ability of each tool to enhance the cognitive levels of the design process. The results of our work indicate that computer tools, including modeling programs and parametric design, despite their recent advancements in supporting the initial stages of design, do not perform as effectively  hand drawings in terms of conceptualization and ease of discovery. This phenomenoncan be attributed to the superior capacity  of hand drawings (sketch) in ambiguity as well as the designer's focus on the level of knowledge rather than the level of object production rules or algorithms when utilizing  them. However, Computer drawing tools are capable of providing more accurate visualization than hand drawings, which can be advantageous in more structured problems.
This significant finding suggests that the  ability of a tool to improve cognitive levels in the conceptual process is not solely dependent on the tool itself, but it is also influenced by a network of constraints (variables) such as the type of problem, the degree of determination and simplicity of the problem, the interactivity of the tool, time constraints, Interpretation (team or individual design), designer's skill, designer's expertise and numerous other factors. These variables were derived from previous studies. In fact, there are variables related to  design context that play a crucial role in the development of the design process. A change in any of these constraints can affect the outcomes of the design process. Such a framework criticizes previous studies that have primarily  focused onthe influence of the "instrumental ability" variable. Based on this, a model of the impact of intervening variables on the design situation and its relationship with the levels of knowledge was proposed. This hypothesis posits that the selection of drawing tools in the design process is an intelligent and situational decision and it is not feasible  to prescribe a universal and absolute guideline for the selection of tools applicable to all situations and processes. This hypothesis can informthe direction of future research design studies, emphasizing that] the impact of limitations should be considered in subsequent empirical investigations

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Digital design tools
  • problem-solving
  • hand drawings
  • cognitive levels
  • situational nature

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نشریه هنرهای زیبا: معماری و شهرسازی
دوره 28، شماره 4
دی 1402
صفحه 71-82

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