گونه‌شناسی ارزش‌های میراث مدرن

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد مرمت بافتها و بناهای تاریخی، گروه مرمت ابنیه و بافتهای تاریخی، دانشکده معماری، دانشکدگان هنرهای زیبا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه مرمت ابنیه و بافتهای تاریخی، دانشکده معماری، دانشکدگان هنرهای زیبا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

در مبحث ارزش‌های منابع میراثی همواره مهم‌ترین موضوع نحوه‌ی ارزیابی این ارزش‌ها بوده است. با این حال به دلیل پراکندگی مولفه‌های ارزیابی ارزش، طیف وسیع انواع میراث و همچنین ذهنی بودن مبحث ارزش‌ها، رسیدن به یک روش جامع به منظور این ارزیابی امری چالش‌برانگیز می‌باشد. توجه‌ها به بحث حفاظت از میراث مدرن خصوصا در مبحث ارزش‌ها به عنوان یکی از ظرفیت‌های میراثی جدید در سطح بین المللی پیشینه زیادی ندارد، به همین جهت پرداختن به ارزش‌های خاص این میراث می‌تواند بینش متخصصان را نسبت به ظرفیت‌های میراث مدرن ارتقاء دهد. این پژوهش که ماهیتی کیفی دارد، به منظور ورود به مبحث ارزیابی ارزش‌ها با استفاده از تکنیک استدلال منطقی، نخست چهارچوبی را پیشنهاد می‌دهد. چهارچوبی مفهومی برای ارزیابی ارزش‌های میراث که شامل 4 مولفه اصلی (خصیصه‌ها، مراجع ارزیابی، گونه‌شناسی و کیفیات ارزش) و زیرمولفه های آن‌ها می‌باشد. این پژوهش سپس با ابزار مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای، اسناد و کنوانسیون‌ها و نظریه‌های حفاظت میراث مدرن، ارزش‌های این گونه‌ی‌ میراثی را واکاوی کرده و با مبنا قرار دادن یک گونه شناسی جهانی، دسته بندی ارزش‌های میراث مدرن را تبیین می‌کند. در نهایت ارزش تازگی، ارزش انعطاف و ارزش جهانی بودن را به عنوان سه وجه تمایز ارزش در میراث مدرن شناسایی و معرفی می‌نماید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Typology of Modern Heritage Values through

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zahra Naziri 1
  • Somayeh Fadaei Nezhad Bahramjerdi 2
1 Master of Restoration of Historical Buildings and Structures, Department of Restoration of Historical Buildings and Structures, School of Architecture, College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Restoration of Historical Buildings and Structures, School of Architecture, College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده [English]

 Regarding heritage resource values, the most significant
issue has always been the way to evaluate these values,
and researchers have been looking for comprehensive
instructions to perform this stage of the conservation
process to date. However, due to the dispersion of value
evaluation criteria, the wide range of heritage types, as
well as the subjectivity of the value issue, reaching a comprehensive method for this evaluation is challenging. Addressing the conservation of modern heritage as one of the
new heritage capacities, specifically in the field of heritage values, has not had a long history at the international
level, and there are few studies in this area. Although it
is obvious that some kinds of the values in this type of
heritage would overlap the standard typologies of heritage value, addressing the specific values of this heritage
is a topic that will expand the insights of experts regarding
the capacities of modern heritage. This study will answer
two questions: a) what are the main and sub-criteria of the
conceptual framework for evaluating heritage values? b)
What are the distinctive values of modern architectural
and urban heritage? This qualitative study has been done
using logical reasoning technique; therefore, in the first
step, it will attempt to achieve a comprehensive and flexible conceptual framework for this process by examining
the requirements for evaluating heritage values. The suggested framework has a Layered structure which in the
first layer pursues the concept of heritage in a particular
time and place. In the second layer, the required criteria
are explained in order to determine the types and qualities of values. The four main determined criteria include;
attributes of heritage properties, typology of values and
their sub-criteria for quality assessment, Evaluation references or actors, those who involve directly or indirectly
in the process and methods or ways of heritage assessment. In the next step, the study will explain the typology of modern heritage values through library study in
three categories, i.e., historical documents, international
conventions and theories in the field of modern heritage  conservation. History and events relating conservation of
modern heritage have been discovered from 1980 to 2020.
Moreover, theories of three types of theorists, including;
heritage conservation theorists, modern architecture theorists, modern heritage conservation theorists from the late
19 century until 2018, have been explored. Besides, the
international documents relative to the issue have been
elaborated considering the type of value from 1990 until the last existing document in the area of modern heritage )Madrid-New Delhi, 2017). In fact, the determined
Typology is an updated version of the famous typology
by Veldpaus and Roders which was published in 2014.
In this version which is prepared for Modern Heritage,
except for the symbolic and evidential archaeological
values, all types of values found in conventional Western
typology overlap the modern heritage values. Moreover,
values such as newness, flexibility, and cosmopolitanism
were specifically discovered as the special values of modern heritage. The discovered values can draw attention to
the modern heritage and can further improve its conservation programs. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Modern Heritage
  • Heritage Values Assessment
  • Heritage Values

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نشریه هنرهای زیبا: معماری و شهرسازی
دوره 27، شماره 2
شهریور 1401
صفحه 21-32

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