نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 مرکز مستندنگاری، مطالعات و مرمت معماری
2 دانشیار مرکز مستندنگاری، مطالعات معماری و مرمت، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
The Tomb of Khayyam is among the most significant and emblematic monuments erected in honor of Iran’s cultural luminaries. It was constructed in the 1960s (1340s SH) within the historical setting of the Imamzadeh Mahruq Garden in Nishapur. Prior to this intervention, the site consisted of a modest grave located adjacent to the Imamzadeh buq’a. However, as Khayyam’s status gradually became more prominent within Iran’s cultural discourse—partly influenced by Western scholarly and literary attention—his tomb progressively emerged from the semantic and physical shadow of the Imamzadeh and was ultimately transformed into an independent and symbolic structure within the spatial organization of the garden. This study seeks to identify the transformations of this place and analyze the ways in which the spatial organization and its associated meanings have been reconfigured following the increasing emphasis on the role of Khayyam. To achieve this goal, the subject is examined at several levels. First, the historical site of the Imamzadeh and the prominent figures buried there are introduced. Second, the transformations of this complex are examined based on historical sources. In the third stage, the role of different actors in these changes is examined to determine which individuals or institutions were involved in the interventions. Finally, the collected evidence is combined to construct a coherent narrative of the physical transformations that have profoundly affected the spatial redefinition of the place and its symbolic meanings, drawing on Lefebvre’s theory. The findings indicate that Western interest in Khayyam began in the early Qajar period, and that this external attention gradually led Iranians to recognize his tomb as part of their cultural heritage and national identity. Efforts undertaken after the Constitutional Revolution to organize and reconstruct Khayyam’s grave can be understood within this framework, although adverse political and economic conditions hindered the realization of large-scale projects. With the establishment of the Pahlavi state, the conditions for major development projects were created, leading to the construction of a commemorative structure for Khayyam—one that was nevertheless regarded from the outset as unworthy of his stature. This critical assessment, roughly two decades later, gave rise to calls for a new tomb, with the National Heritage Society assuming responsibility for its execution. The outcome of the extensive interventions of the National Heritage Society in the garden and the Khayyam funerary complex was the division of the complex into two distinct parts: one associated with Khayyam and the other with Imamzadeh Mahruq. This division was not merely physical but also symbolic, articulating a boundary between the discourses of tradition and modernity. Thus, the Imamzadeh came to represent tradition and the Endowments Organization, while the new tomb of Khayyam was presented as a symbol of the modern, progressive movement. Relying on its powerful institutional position, the National Heritage Society was able to implement a comprehensive plan that included the restoration of the Imamzadeh shrine and the tomb of Attar, the construction of the tombs of Khayyam and Kamal al-Molk, and the creation of an urban axis linking these complexes.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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