نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دکتری معماری اسلامی، گروه معماری و معماری اسلامی، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز، تبریز، ایران.
2 استاد گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز، تبریز، ایران.
3 استاد گروه معماری و معماری اسلامی، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اسلامی تبریز، تبریز، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
The swift processes of modernization during the transition from the Qajar to the Pahlavi era fundamentally reshaped Iranian lifestyles and left discernible imprints on the morphology of domestic architecture. Despite extensive studies on typological evolutions of historic houses, systematic research into how lifestyle transformations directly influenced the physical fabric of residential buildings in Tabriz remains scarce. This study addresses that gap by examining the dialectical relationship between evolving social patterns and architectural form in four emblematic houses—two Qajar and two Pahlavi—in the city of Tabriz. Employing a mixed-methods framework that integrates interpretative-historical analysis with targeted case studies, the research draws on archival sources, field surveys, measured drawings, and period photographs. Historical texts and official documents were scrutinized to identify key lifestyle components shaped by early modernization—ranging from shifting family structures and social customs to technological adoption and urban densification. Concurrently, on-site observations and architectural records provided quantitative metrics for each house’s spatial configuration. Physical attributes were systematically quantified, including total lot area, proportions of open, semi-open, and enclosed spaces; room counts and designated functions; the hierarchy and sequencing of entry zones; the division between interior and exterior realms; façade ornamentation; and patterns of furnishings. These variables formed the basis for a comparative matrix that correlates lifestyle indicators with architectural responses across the two historical periods.
The analysis reveals that Pahlavi-era houses exhibit significantly reduced footprints, allocating a larger share of their plot area to enclosed built volume. Expansive courtyards and traditional verandas were either downsized or eliminated to accommodate denser urban fabrics. Internally, formerly flexible, multi-purpose chambers gave way to discrete, single-function rooms furnished with rigid, Western-style seating and tables. The intricate, multi-stage entry sequences characteristic of Qajar residences—with separate portals, vestibules, and privacy screens—were replaced by streamlined, single-door access, reflecting a shift toward more open, less hierarchical social interactions. Moreover, the widespread incorporation of modern construction materials and infrastructural systems—such as indoor plumbing and electric lighting—precipitated profound reconfigurations of service spaces. Ancillary functions like kitchens, baths, and sanitary facilities were integrated within the main building envelope rather than housed in detached or peripheral structures. These technological infusions not only enhanced domestic convenience and hygiene but also catalyzed new spatial layouts that aligned with evolving notions of privacy, gender roles, and leisure. By tracing how lifestyle vectors—social customs, family dynamics, technological uptake, and urban pressures—manifest materially in residential form, this research underscores the reciprocal interplay between culture and the built environment. The findings demonstrate that architectural adaptations in Tabriz did not occur in isolation but were deeply intertwined with broader socio-political agendas of nation-building and Westernization. Recognizing these interdependencies is crucial for heritage conservation strategies, as it illuminates the intangible cultural drivers embedded within physical heritage. Ultimately, this study contributes a robust methodological model for exploring lifestyle–architecture linkages in other historic contexts undergoing swift societal change.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
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