پیری در خانه،روح نهفته در معماری ایران مطالعه موردی: فضاهای مناسب سالمند در معماری بومی کرمان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 مدیر آتلیه معماری رواق

2 استاد دانشکده معماری، پردیس هنرهای زیبا، دانشگاه تهران

3 استادیار دانشکده معماری، دانشگاه هنر اصفهان

چکیده

"پیری در خانه" یکی از یافته های روانشناسی محیطی سالمندان می باشد که در آن بر ماندن سالمندان درخانه و همسایگی آشنا و داشتن حق انتخاب در نوع زندگی تاکید می شود.
در این پژوهش هدف آن است که ویژگی های مطلوب محیطی برای سالمندان جهت دستیابی به "پیری در خانه" استخراج و مفاهیم سازگار با این هدف در معماری ایران معرفی شود. و سوال این است که محیط مناسب سالمندان جهت "پیری در خانه" دارای چه ویژگی هایی است؟ و معماری ایران چگونه با این ویژگی ها منطبق می شود؟
روش این پژوهش از نظر هدف، کاربردی می‌باشد که با توجه به ماهیت موضوع از روش توصیفی ـ تحلیلی استفاده شده است.
یافته های پژوهش حاکی از آن است که محیط با ویژگی احترام به سالمند و توانایی ادغام سالمندان در خود، تامین کننده اهداف "پیری در خانه" می باشد و برخی از مفاهیم معماری ایران با این اهداف مطابقت نموده و نشانه های احترام به سالمند در آن نهفته است. همچنین با نگاهی به الگوهای معماری بومی شهر کرمان پیشنهادهایی جهت استفاده از این الگوها و در عین حال حفظ آن ها ارایه می شود که ضمن ایجاد فضای مناسب سالمندان، از معماری بومی محل نیز صیانت شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Aging In place, Latent Spirit of Iran`s Architecture Case Study: Suitable Spaces For Elder In Kerman Local Architecture

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sahar Rokh 1
  • Isa ahojat 2
  • Majid Salehinia 3
1 manager of Ravagh architecture studio
2 Professor / Tehran University,College Of Fine Arts, School Of Architecture
3 Assistant Professor/Isfahan University Of Art, َArchitecture College.
چکیده [English]

"Aging In Place" is one of the Environmental Gerontology findings which as a result of increasig number of elderly people in whole world, becomes one part of its dictionary. "Aging In Place" emphasis on remaining at home and familiar neighborhood and having the right to choose the kind of life. And its goal is to provide a supportive physical and psychological environment for the elderly in which they become normal functioning members of the community, rather than passive service recipients.
The purpose of this research is to find desirable features of environment for elderly to reach "Aging In Place". and by knowing what the elders demand from the environment and identifying built and spacial elements that could strengthen their presence in the environment, the basis of their participation in society will be provided. and as a result of an interaction between elderly and environment, society can benefit from elderly presence in the environment. Then by identifying compatible concepts with this goal in Iran architecture, some practical solution are introduced to achieve the "Aging In place”. so the research questions are: what characteristics have a society with respect to elderly and with ability to integrate elderlies in society? And how Iran's architecture adapt with these features?
In order to introduce the theory of "Aging In place" and find and apply it into Iranian architecture, Research method is practical and according to the nature of the subject analytical method is used. In the theoretical perspectives and literature review, descriptive methods are applied. For data collecting in this research, documentary method is used to identify "Aging In Place" theory and it's related concepts. as well as through field study some environmental measures associated with the concept, identified and collected. Analysis method in this research is also descriptive and comparative in a way that after reviewing various sources, the findings from the study were matched with existing examples. in this way results and strategies stated for the intended purpose.
The data consists of two parts: the first part of the data related to the theory of "Aging In place" and the second part of it related to the architectural features of Iran, associated with the elderly and compliance with the theory of "Aging in place" and finally with accumulation and comparison of data the final conclusions are reached.
Research results suggest that, an environment with features like respect for the aging and the ability to integrate seniors can provide the purposes of "Aging In Place" and some of Iranian Architect 'concepts have conformity with "Aging In Place" purposes. For instance, it has the ability to encourage elderly people to continue an active life and maintain their customs and habits in familiar neighborhood and environment. therefore it potentially has some signs of respect for the aging. Also considering local architecture of Kerman city, some suggestion are presented for using and preserving these architectural patterns, Eventually with creation of an elderly friendly place, local architecture can be protected too

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Aging In Place
  • Iran Architecture
  • Local Architecture
  • Elder
  • Kerman

مراجع

زرین کمری، حامد (1386)، الگوشناسی عمومی مساجد ایرانی، آبادی، سال هفدهم، شماره 54، صص 6-9.
 سپهری امین، پوران (1378)، سلامت سالمندان، پیوند، شماره 234، 36-41.
 قیصریان، اسحاق (1388)، بررسی ابعاد اجتماعی، اقتصادی پدیده سالمندی در ایران، جمعیت، شماره 69/70 ، 1-28.
 کوهی فرد، الناز (1392)، بررسی نظری مفهوم محله و تاثیر هویت بر شکل دهی آن در معماری، همایش معماری، شهرسازی و توسعه پایدار، مشهد، آموزشگاه علمی خاوران، صص 1-9.
 لطیفی، غلامرضا و صفری چابک، ندا (1392)، بازآفرینی مفهوم محله در شهرهای ایرانی اسلامی بر پایه اصول نوشهرگرایی، مطالعات شهری، شماره 8، صص 3-12.
 نوذری، شعله؛ ندا رفیع‌زاده و وداعی‌نژاد، فرامرز (1383)، مبانی طراحی فضاهای باز محله های مسکونی متناسب با شرایط جسمی و روانی سالمندان، چاپ اول، مرکز تحقیقات ساختمان و مسکن، تهران.
 Amy, H. P.Y (2001), Creating A supportive Environment for Elderly with Chronic Illness, In the plenary session of the Healthy Ageing Convention, Hong Kong: The Hong Kong Polytechnic University.
 Andrews, B (2008), Lifetime homes, lifetime neighborhoods – developing a housing strategy for our aging population, Policy & Politics, Vol. 36, No. 4, pp. 605-610.
 Bond, J; Coleman, P & Peace, S (1994), Aging in Society: An Introduction to Social Gerontology, Int. J. Geriat, Psychiatry, ?????
 Burns, V. F; Lavoie, J. P & Rose, D (2012), Revisiting the Role of  Neighborhood Change in Social Exclusion and Inclusion of Older People, Journal of Aging Research, Vol .2012, Article ID.148287.
 Centre for Disease Control (2010), Healthy places terminology, Retrieved October 9, 2014, from http://www.cdc.gov/healthyplaces/terminology.htm.
 Dobson, N.G & Gilron, A. R (2009), From Partnership to Policy: The Evolution of Active Living by Design in Portland, Oregon, American Journal of Preventive Medicine, Vol. 37, No. 6, pp. 436-444.
 Gilleard, C; Hyde, M & Higgs, P (2007), The impact of age, place, aging in place, and attachment to place on the well-being of the over 50s in England,  Research on Aging, Vol. 29, No.6, pp491-511.
 Golant, S. M (2011), The changing residential environments of older people, In Handbook of aging and the social sciences,  Binstock  R  H & George  L  K (eds.),7th edition, Burlington MA: Elseiver AcademicPress, pp. 207–220.
 Iecovich, E (2014), Aging in Place: From Theory to Practice, Anthropological Notebooks, Vol.20, No.1, pp.21-33  
 Lawton, M. P; Patnaik. B & Kleban. M. H (1976), The Ecology of Adaptation to a New Environment, Int. j of Aging and Human Development, Vol.7, No.1, pp.15-26.
 Lawton, M. P (1980), Methodologies For Evaluation in Environments and Aging. Philadelphia Geriatric Center, 211-216???????
 Lawton, M. Powell (1985), The elderly in context: perspectives from environmental psychology and gerontology, Environment and Behavior, Vol.17, No.4, pp.501–519.
 Lawton, M. P (1989), Environmental proactivity in older people, In The course of later life, Bengtson  V  L & Schaie  K W. (Eds.), New York, Springer, pp. 15–23.
 Lehman, B. A & Globe, B (1985), Environmental Gerontology: Easier Life For Seniors, Retrieved July 10, 2014, from http://articles.chicagotribune.com.
 Matlo, Claudine. C (2013), The Effect of Social and Built Environment Factors on Aging in Place (AIP): A Critical Synthesis, Simon Fraser University, Canada.
 Nahemow, Lucille & Lawton, M. P (1973), Toward an Ecological Theory of Adaptation and Aging, Philadelphia Geriatric Center. pp. 24–32???????????
 Oswald, F; Schilling, O; Wahl H.W & Gang, K (2002), Trouble in Paradise? Reasons to Relocate and Objective Environmental Changes among Well-off Older Adults, Journal of Environmental Psychology, Vol. 22, N0.3, pp.273-288.
 Peace, S; Holland, C & Kellaher, L (2005), The influence of neighbourhood and community on well-being and identity in late life: An English perspective, In Home and Identity in Late Life, Rowles G .& Chaudhury  H. (Eds.), NewYork, Springer Publishing Company, pp. 297-316.
 Phillips, D; Siu, O; Yeh, A & Cheng, K (2005),  Aging and the Urban environment, In Aging and Place, Andrews  G. &  Phillips  D. (Eds.). London, Routledge, pp. 147- 163
 Richard, L; Gauvin, L; Gosselin, C & Laforest, S (2008), Staying connected: neighbourhood correlates of social participation among older adults living in an urban environment in Montreal Canada, Health Promotion International, Vol.24, No.1, pp.46-57.
 Rowles, G. D (1983), Geographical dimensions of social support in rural Appalachia, In Aging and milieu , Rowles  G  D. & Ohta  R  J. (Eds.), New York: Academic Press, Environmental perspectives on growing old, pp. 111–130.
 Rowles, G.D & Ravdal, H (2002), Aging, Place, and Meaning in the Face of Changing Circumstances,In Challenges of the third age - meaning and purpose in later life, Weiss  R. Bass S. (Eds.), New York, Oxford University, PP.81 – 107.

 Seligman, M. E. P (1992), Helplessness: On Depression, Development, and Death (Series of Books in Psychology), W. H. Freeman, San Francisco.

 Smith, A (2009), Ageing in urban neighborhoods: Place attachment and socialexclusion, OR: Policy, Portland.
Wahl, H.W; Iwarsson, S & Oswald, F (2012),Aging Well and the Environment: Toward an Integrative Model and Research Agenda for the Future,The Gerontologist, Vol. 52, No. 3, pp.306–316.
 Wiles, J. L; Leibing, A; Guberman, N; Reeve, J & Allen, R. E. S (2011), The Meaning of “Ageing in Place” to Older People, The gerontologist, Vol. 52, No. 3, pp. 357–366.
 World Health Organization (2007), Global age-friendly Cities Project, Retrieved June 18, 2009, from www.who.int./ageing/age_friendly_cities_network.
 Wister, A (2005), The built environment, health, and longevity, Journal of Housing for the Elderly, Vol.19. No.2, pp.49-70.
 Zeisel, J. N; Silverstein , M; Hyde, J; Levkoff, S; Lawton, M. P & Holmes, W ( 2003), Environmental correlates to behavioral health outcomes in Alzheimer’s special care units, Gerontologist, Vol. 43, No.5, pp.697-711.
 
 
 
 
 
نشریه هنرهای زیبا: معماری و شهرسازی
دوره 23، شماره 2
شهریور 1397
صفحه 5-16

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار