نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دکترای معماری، گروه معماری، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران
2 استادیار، گروه معماری، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران
3 استادیار، گروه معماری، واحد پرند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، پرند، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
The ancient city of Shushtar is a successful example of architectural experience in Iran's hot and semi- humid climate. The architecture harmonizes with the environment, successfully providing thermal comfort for its residents. The use of bricks and brick facades plays a fundamental role in this endeavor. "Khavun-chini" is the art of Shushtar architects; a type of prominent brick decoration executed against a checkered background. In addition to creating a beautiful façade, it casts shadows on the wall, thus serving a thermal function as well. The main issue in this research is to examine the shading capacity of the Khavun -chini in Shushtar on the southern façade of buildings. The impact of shade on reducing the heat of walls and the radiant temperature of the outer façade of buildings is evident, and the topic of this article is significant due to the energy crisis and the need to reduce fossil fuel consumption for electricity generation in tropical regions. This research employs a quantitative approach and descriptive-analytical methods to study the shading of 66 patterns from brick facades belonging to the historical fabric of Shushtar. Information about various patterns was gathered through field surveys, reference to traditional architects' maps, utilizing archives from the Cultural Heritage Organization, and studying library documents.After extracting images from various sources, a precise drawing of the wall patterns was created using "AutoCAD". Subsequently, a 1:1 scale model of three walls, which differed in various aspects, was constructed. Field photographs were taken from sunrise to sunset, between 11 AM and 4 PM, while rotating the model at five specified angles. The analysis of the images, conducted using "ImageJ" software, identified the extent of shading and the optimal orientation of the walls for maximizing shadow production by the designs. Research on the three types of walls indicated that the best positioning for maximizing shadow generated by the wall patterns on the southern facade occurs when a 10-degree clockwise rotation is applied. Following this, the validation of "Ecotect" software was examined, and after confirming the output images, all designs were simulated through the software to determine each wall's ability to produce shade at various times of the day. By dividing the shadow area produced by each wall by the area of the pattern, a numerical value was obtained that demonstrated that each wall can produce a shadow several times greater than its own area. The obtained number is referred to as the efficiency or shading effectiveness of the "Khavun." It seems that the multiple samples studied in this research have provided a robust and influential scientific backing for the results. This investigation revealed that the khoun design number 42 has an efficiency of 6.86, and design number 39 has an efficiency of 3.34, representing the highest and lowest shading effectiveness, respectively, among the Khavun designs in Shushtar on the southern front. The findings of this research indicate the effectiveness of each Khavun design in producing shade, and the results of this article can be utilized to enhance the thermal comfort of buildings through passive methods.
کلیدواژهها [English]
)