Development of Qualitative Measures for Assessing the Architectural-Structural Interaction for Iranian Contemporary Architecture

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Department of Architecture, Faculty of Fine Arts, University of Tehran

2 Department of architecture, Faculty of architecture and urban planning, Art university of Isfahan

3 Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Isfahan University of Art, Isfahan, Iran

Abstract

The structural engineering science is currently serving as an isolated discipline in the buildings design process rather than working in cooperation with the architectural form. In some cases, the non-interacting structure is dominating the architectural form. In the other cases, the architectural visual aspects have excellence and superiority over the structure. In most of the latter cases, the embedded structure is decorated with the historical elements. In general, the separation between the architectural and the structural disciplines can give rise to the educated engineers who do not have neither comprehensive knowledge nor realistic insight towards design of buildings. From the architectural point of view that will eventually cause unstable, awkward and not worthwhile buildings. From the structural point of view that will cause inefficiency in consumable materials, design complexity and the structural performance. Although the relationship between the architectural form and the structure has been pointed in some literatures; however, development of the measures and criteria for the interaction between between the architectural form and the structure is not deeply discussed so far. This research paper intends to bridge the gap between the architectural form and the structural performance aiming to improve the Iranian contemporary architecture in terms of the architectural-structural interaction. We develop necessary criteria for evaluating such interaction via scrutinizing some case studies from the Iranian contemporary architecture. We firstly characterize buildings based on architectural-structural relationships into three categories including “the symbolized structure within the architectural form”, “the compatible structure with the architectural form” and “the ignored structure with respect to the architectural form” categories. Secondly, we present a specific definition for the architectural-structural interaction in which accounts for both architectural and structural demands and performances. We also develop the qualitative parameters for the architectural-structural relationship. These parameters are “the form participation in higher structural efficiency”, “the integrity in the expression of structural elements and optimal structural performance”, “understanding the behavior of the structure in the architectural form”, “appropriateness of the structure with the conceptual and structural requirements” and “appropriateness of the form with structural requirements (time, economy, and qualitative considerations)”. Afterwards, we develop evaluation criteria accounting for the defined parameters and then analyze some case studies taken from the Iranian contemporary architecture include: Isfahan mosalla, Azadi tower and Al-ghadir mosque. Finally, we suggest some remedy measures to fill the gap between the architectural form and the structural performance. They include but not limited to “the effective training of the designers and architectural students in order to have better insights towards the structural performance”, “the joint cooperation between architects and structural engineers during different stages of the design process”, “avoiding pure formal copies of famous design elements in Islamic architecture and trying to adopt it with the modern structures”, “considering equal priorities for visual aspects of the architectural form and the structural demands in architectural design process”, “systematic approach to use decorations in design of the architectural form and the structure” and “avoiding structural elements only for showing off the advances in technology”.

Keywords


اسلامی، غلامرضا و هدفی، فرزانه (1390)، درآمدی بر جایگاه سازه در تبیین معماری و ضرورت آن در عینیت دهی به کالبد معماری، معماری و شهرسازی آرمانشهر، 4، 6، صص 1-12.
 بانی‌مسعود، امیر (1394)، معماری معاصر ایران: در تکاپوی بین سنت و مدرنیته، علیرضا، سیداحمدیان و حمید خداپناهی، هنر معماری قرن، تهران.
بقایی، آژنگ (1388)، نقش سازه در ساختار زیباشناسی معماری معاصر، هویت شهر، 3،4، صص 27-38. 
زرکش، افسانه (1384)، کیفیت آموزش و کارحرفه ای در ایجاد همسازی بین فضا و سازه در معماری معاصر غرب، هنرهای زیبا، شماره 23، ص 44.
زرکش، افسانه (1387)، تقدم معماری بر سازه در معماری معاصر، کتاب ماه هنر، 124، ص 23. 
ظفرمند، سیدجواد (1381)، مفهوم فرم به ویژه در هنر، هنرهای زیبا، 11، صص 13-21. 
عالمی، ‌بابک؛ پوردیهیمی، ‌شهرام و مشایخ‌فریدنی، ‌سعید (1395)، سازه، فرم و معماری، مطالعات معماری ایران، 9، 5، صص 123-140. 
کورت‌گروتر، یورگ (1388)، زیبایی شناسی در معماری، جهانشاه پاکزاد و عبدالرضا همایون، انتشارات دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران.
گلابچی، محمود (1388)، آموزش معماری در مهندسی عمران: چالش های امروز ضرورت های آینده، نشریه دانشکده فنی، 43، ص 86.
میرمیران، هادی و اعتصام، ایرج (1388)، معماری معاصر ایران (75 سال تجربه بناهای عمومی- 1300 تا 1375 هجری شمسی) ،2، وزارت مسکن و شهرسازی، تهران.
هاشم‌نژاد، هاشم و سلیمانی، سارا ( 1386)، ضرورت همسازی سازه و معماری در معماری معاصر، هنرهای زیبا، 30، صص 23-30. 
 
Ayres, Peter (1970), The Geometry of Shahyad Ariamehr, Arup Journal, 5, 1, p.32.
Engel, Heino& Rapson, Ralph (1997), Structure systems, Gerd Hatje Publishers, Virginia.
Macdonald, Angus (2001), Structure and Architecture, Department of Architecture, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh.
Mahdavinejad, M; Ahmadzadeh, S; Ghasempourabadi, M & Poulad, M (2012), Development of Intelligent Pattern for Modeling a Parametric Program for Public Space (Case Study: Isfahan, Mosalla, Iran), Applied Mechanics and Materials, 5.
Meiss, Pierre von (2013), Elements of Architecture: From Form to Place, EPFL Press ,UK.
Mirtalaei, Kamal; Nahvi, Reza & Farshad, Mehdi (1999), Combining aesthetic and structure for the Large Domes in Isfahan IABSE reports, RIO DE JANEIRO: IABSE SYMPOSIUM, 2.
Saliklis, Edmond P (2007), Evaluating Structural Form: Is it sculpture, architecture or structure? Paper presented at the ASEE National Conference, Honolulu, HI, 2.
Torroja, Eduardo (1962), Philosophy of Structures, University of California Press California .