Analysis of the Physical Sense of Place in the Traditional Houses and Modern Residential Apartments

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph.D in Architecture, Assistant Professor and Faculty member of School of Engineering at Yasouj University

2 Assistant Professor at School of Architecture, campus of Fine Arts, Tehran University

3 Master's student in Architecture at the Islamic azad University, Yasouj branch, Yasouj

Abstract

This paper is a research conducted based on the basic question that why house belonging is removed from today houses. Answer of this question will further demonstrate more importance and necessity of such studies compared with previous studies. This is because addressing such studies plays an important role in recognition of the principles of traditional architecture while modern designers and architects can use these principles to improve physical sense of place for residents of today's residential complexes as the dominant paradigm of contemporary urban housing.
In order to answer this question ( why house belonging is removed from today houses ), some case samples of traditional houses with inhabitants and new residential complexes ­ of Shiraz city were chosen and compared.  Accordingly, ­ document and field research methods were used  in this study to collect data from various view ­ point of  residents ­ by the questionnaires ­ representing features such as shape, size, texture, decoration and relationships as the physical layout of each house. Next, the questionnaires were tested and analyzed. First, based on obtained data it was concluded that the rate of the sense of belonging to house is more in traditional houses than modern complexes. Next, in order to understand the aspects of this sense of belonging to house , the main characteristic of a sense of belonging to a house in terms of traditional houses and new residential complexes , i.e. structural elements of the house with its main features, were investigated. In this study, the most important physical factors ( diagnostic criteria for a house ), which included the shape and size of elements, relationships, arrangement, context and ornaments were tested. The obtained results showed that the physical sense of place in the traditional house ­ is more than that of obtained in the new complexes.  ­This sense of belonging to place is more represented in the two features of shape and size of elements (including the size and shape of the yard, porch or portico, skylight and windows ), context and decoration (including items such as yard decorations, building decorating and interior decoration ) in the traditional houses. But the feature of relationships and arrangement (including access to other living spaces in the house and access to the street where the house is located) in the new residential complexes has a higher ­ mean when compared with traditional houses.  Finally, according to the obtained results, people who live in new residential complexes want to consider the characteristics ­ of traditional houses like increased area of courtyard or terrace, increased external and internal decoration of the house, increased size of hallways and decreased residential units within complex integrated design. Therefore, in new complexes, contemporary designers and architects can identify these features in the new apartments by considering the financial situation and options for residents of a house based on the fusion of traditional and modern architecture for contemporary residential design. Designs based on traditional houses and by considering the characteristics mentioned above will increase sense of physical belonging of residents to their houses.                 
 

Keywords


افشار نادری، کامران(1378)،« از کاربری تا مکان »، معمار، شماره ششم، پائیز، صص 6- 4.
پاکزاد، جهانشاه(1390)،«سیر اندیشه ها در شهر سازی3(از فضا تا مکان)»، جلد سوم، آرمان شهر، تهران.
دانشپور، سیدعبدالهادی و دیگران(1388)،«جایگاه دانش روانشناسی محیطی در ساختمان های بلند مرتبه با رویکرد معماری پایدار»، نشریه هویت شهر، سال سوم، شماره پنجم، پائیز و زمستان، صص 38- 29.
دانشگر مقدم،گلرخ و دیگران(1390)،"تحلیل اجتماع پذیری محیط کالبدی متاثر از درک طبیعت در محیط انسان ساخت"، نشریه هنرهای زیبا، شماره 45، بهار، صص 38- 27.
دلاور، علی (1380) ،« مبانی نظری و عملی پژوهش در علوم انسانی و اجتماعی»، تهران: انتشارات رشد.
سرمست، بهرام (1389)،«بررسی و تحلیل نقش مقیاس شهر در میزان حس تعلق به مکان مطالعه موردی: شهر تهران»، مدیریت شهری، شماره بیست و ششم، پائیز و زمستان، صص 146- 133.
شمس، مجید و خداکرمی، مهناز(1389)،«بررسی معماری سنتی همساز با اقلیم سرد مطالعه موردی: شهر سنندج»، فصل نامه جغرافیایی آمایش محیط، شماره10، صص114-91.
صافیان، محمد جواد و دیگران(1390)،« بررسی پدیدار شناختی- هرمنوتیک نسبت مکان با هنر معماری»،نشریه پژوهش های فلسفی دانشگاه تبریز،شماره هشتم، بهار و تابستان، صص 129- 93.
عالم تبریز، اکبر و حاجی محمدرضا تبریزی، بابک(1389)، «تئوری احتمالات و آمار کاربردی»، صفار- اشراقی، تهران، چاپ اول.
فلاحت، محمد صادق(1384)، «نقش طرح کالبدی در حس مکان مسجد»، نشریه هنرهای زیبا، شماره 22، تابستان، صص 66- 57.
مطلبی، قاسم و جوان فروزنده، علی (1390)، « مفهوم حس تعلق به مکان و عوامل تشکیل دهنده ان»، مجله هویت شهر، شماره هشتم، بهار وتابستان، صص 37- 27.
مومنی، منصور و فعال قیومی، علی(1389)، «تحلیل های آماری با استفاده از spss»، کتاب نو، تهران، چاپ سوم.
نوربرگ شولتز،کریستین(1382)،«معماری معنا و مکان»، ترجمه ویدا نوروز برازجانی، نشر جان جهان، تهران،چاپ اول.
نوربرگ شولتز،کریستین(1384)،«مفهوم سکونت به سوی معماری تمثیلی»، ترجمه محمود امیر یار احمدی، انتشارات آگه، تهران.
Altman, I.c Seth Low (ed) (1992),"Place Attachment, Plenum Press: New York.
Canter, David, (1977), The Psychology of Place., London: Architectural Press.
Carmona, Mathew (2006), "Public places, urban spaces",Architectural press, Elsevier, Oxford.
Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika. 16, 297-334.
Knox, P. & Pinch, S. (2000) ," Urban Social Geography: An Introduction", Prentice Hall: Harlow, 8-9
Lawson, Brian (2001), The Language of Space., Architectural press, London.
Norberg-Schulz, Christian (1997), Nightlands, Nordic Building, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.
Relph, E. (1976),"Place and Placelessness", London: Pion.
Riger, Stephanie & Lavrakas, Paul J.(1981), . Community ties: pat-terns of attachment and social interaction in urban neighborhoods. American Journal of Community Psychology, 9, 55-66.
Seamon, David & Jacob, sowers (2008), "place and placelessness", Edward Relf, London: Sage.
Steele, Fritz (1981),"The sense of place", CBI publishing company,Boston.
Tuan, Yi-Fu (1974), Topophilia, Englewood Cliffs: Prentiss-Hall.