Urban challenges, capacity of architects and planners, and the need for an equitable and inclusive planning approaches

The twenty-first century has become the century of cities. This transformation more evident in developing countries, where rapid urbanization, demographic growth, environmental pressures, technological change, and socio-economic inequalities are reshaping urban landscapes at unprecedented rates. Developing countries encounter a unique set of urban challenges: Informal settlements, aging infrastructure, deteriorated urban fabrics, housing shortages, inadequate public services, environmental degradation, and increasing vulnerability to natural hazards. In many cities, the impacts of these challenges are disproportionately borne by vulnerable populations, highlighting the importance of equitable and inclusive planning approaches. At the same time, developing countries present remarkable opportunities for innovation. Traditional knowledge systems, community-based practices, compact urban forms, mixed-use development patterns, and strong social networks often provide valuable foundations for sustainable urban development. Contemporary planning and architectural practice can benefit greatly from integrating local knowledge with advanced analytical methods, digital technologies, and evidence-based policymaking. While cities continue to serve as engines of economic development, innovation, and cultural exchange, they simultaneously face mounting challenges that test the capacity of planners, architects, policymakers, and communities to create sustainable and resilient urban environments. Architecture and urban planning occupy a central position in addressing these challenges. The built environment is not merely a physical manifestation of economic and social processes; it is also an active determinant of human well-being, environmental sustainability, social cohesion, and disaster resilience. Consequently, the disciplines of architecture and urban planning must continuously evolve to respond to emerging urban realities. This journal seeks to contribute to these discussions by providing a platform for rigorous scientific inquiry, critical reflection, and practical innovation. The Journal encourages submissions that bridge disciplinary boundaries and connect theory with practice. Quantitative analyses, qualitative investigations, mixed-methods research, comparative studies, policy evaluations, and design-based research all have important roles to play in advancing knowledge and informing decision-making in the fields of architecture and planning. It is hoped that the contributions presented in this issue will stimulate scholarly debate, inspire innovative solutions, and support the development of more livable and equitable cities.