Towards Heritage Politics: An Inquiry into Four Conservation Documents from the Perspective of Depoliticization

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Ph.D. in Conservation of Historic Buildings and Fabrics, Department of Architecture,School of Architecture, College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

2 Associate Prof, Department of Architecture, School of Architecture, College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Towards Heritage Politics: An Inquiry into Four Conservation Documents from the Perspective of Depoliticization





Abstract. Politics is inextricable from heritage conservation and those who engage in the act of conserving cultural heritage. However, this paper explores how dominant heritage knowledge has been systematically depoliticized, sidelining the inherently political nature of heritage in the process. Drawing upon insights from scholars specializing in political science and heritage politics, the study first underscores the critical need to politicize heritage discourse. Politicization is framed not as an obstacle but as an essential process to address the complex socio-cultural and political dimensions of heritage conservation.

The paper then delves into the phenomenon of depoliticization, outlining its definition, rationale, and mechanisms. It identifies tactics employed—intentionally or inadvertently—that have stripped heritage of its political character. These tactics were analyzed as theoretical codes through a content analysis of four pivotal heritage documents: the Venice Charter, the The Conservator-Restorer Document, the Washington Charter, and the Recommendation on the Historic Urban Landscape. Using qualitative methods and supported by MaxQDA software, the study offers a detailed examination of how depoliticization manifests within the language and framing of these foundational texts.

Three principal tactics emerge as key contributors to depoliticization: The adoption of technical-instrumental rationality: By presenting heritage conservation as a purely technical and professional endeavor, the discourse suppresses debates about power, identity, and contested histories that are inherent in heritage preservation. Neutrality framing: Heritage conservation is often depicted as ideologically neutral, devoid of political biases or agendas. This framing creates a misleading impression of impartiality while masking the influence of dominant cultural narratives and power structures. Prioritization of consensus-building: The emphasis on achieving universal agreement, while seemingly pragmatic, serves to gloss over conflicts and tensions that define heritage politics. This consensus-driven approach often sacrifices the multiplicity of voices and interests that should be part of heritage decision-making.

The analysis reveals how these strategies collectively obscure the deeper sociopolitical implications of heritage and its role in shaping power relations. Depoliticization not only distorts the understanding of heritage politics but also undermines the transformative potential of heritage as a tool for fostering dialogue and addressing injustices.

Ultimately, this paper calls for a renewed approach to heritage conservation—one that embraces its political dimensions rather than avoiding them. Politicizing heritage is not merely a theoretical exercise; it is a necessary step to ensure that conservation efforts are equitable, inclusive, and reflective of the diverse narratives that constitute human history. The study challenges practitioners, policymakers, and scholars to reconsider the frameworks and assumptions underlying their work, advocating for a more dynamic and politically conscious understanding of heritage.

Ultimately, this paper calls for a renewed approach to heritage conservation—one that embraces its political dimensions rather than avoiding them. Politicizing heritage is not merely a theoretical exercise; it is a necessary step to ensure that conservation efforts are equitable, inclusive, and reflective of the diverse narratives that constitute human history. The study challenges practitioners, policymakers, and scholars to reconsider the frameworks and assumptions underlying their work, advocating for a more dynamic and politically conscious understanding of heritage.

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References

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Journal of Fine Arts: Architecture & Urban Planning
Volume 30, Issue 4
December 2026
Pages 49-69

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