گونه‌شناسی فضایی الگوهای رشد در مناطق شهر بنیان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران

2 استاد دانشکده شهرسازی، پردیس هنرهای زیبا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

    در مطالعه حاضر به تدقیق در ویژگی­­ها و گونه­های مختلف سه کلان مفهوم رشد شهری، گسترش شهری و پراکنده­رویی شهری، و در راستای گونه­شناسی از انواع زیر­گونه­های آنها در مطالعات مختلف برنامه­ریزی شهری و منطقه­ای پرداخته شده است که همواره در متون مختلف، مشابه هم به کار رفته­اند. به عبارت دیگر، هدف این مقاله تبیین مفهومی و فضایی از واژه­هایی همچون رشد شهری، گسترش شهری و پراکنده­رویی شهری و گونه های مربوط به آن است و به دلیل تشابه و جایگزینی این مفاهیم در ادبیات جهانی، تا حد ممکن، حد و مرز هر یک از آنها و نقاط تشابه و افتراق را شناسایی نموده و در نهایت چارچوب مفهومی مشخصی برای شناسایی آنها ارائه نماید. روش تحقیق در این مطالعه نیز تلقیقی از روش­های اسنادی و روش تحلیل اکتشافی مبتنی بر تدقیق در ادبیات موضوع و تبیین تطبیقی مطالعات جهانی است. بر اساس یافته­های این مطالعه، مقاله حاضر بعد از رسیدن به 10 الگوی مشخص از سه کلان مفهوم مربوطه در حوزه ادبیات شهرسازی، در نهایت، گونه­شناسی خاص این مطالعه را با تکیه بر یافته­های نظری پژوهش ارائه داده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Spatial Typology of Growth Patterns in Urban-based Regions

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ahmad Khalili 1
  • Esfandiar Zebardast 2
  • Mohammad Mehdi Azizi 2
1 Assistant Professor, School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
2 Professor, School of Urban Planning, College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

In this paper, explicating the characteristics and various patterns of three main concepts -urban growth, urban expansion and urban sprawl- aiming to typology from their sub-patterns in various studies of urban and regional literature have been reviewed. In other words, the aim of this paper is conceptual and spatial explanation of these words: urban growth, urban expansion and urban sprawl and their related concepts. Together with technologies and consumption styles, the form of settlements and the way human activities are organised in geographical space represent crucial research fieldsand sources of pre- occupation as far as ecological equilibria are concerned. In fact, in principle, the resource-efficiency of different settlement patterns is subject to wide variations with reference, at least, to two scarce natural resources: land resourcesand energy resources.Land consumption depends directly on the relative compactness of human settlements and on residential density; energy consumption.The question of the environmental or social costs of urban form is increasingly attracting attention in spatial policy, but scientific debate in this field is often marred by prejudices and abstract visions; empirical analyses are very rare.Urban growth topic and their patterns with the growth management policies, as important topics, affect various urban and regional plans.  For example urban growth is in essence a complex subsystem; it involves actors with differing patterns of behavior at various spatial and temporal scales. It centres on understanding the dynamic interactions between the socio economic and built environments and major natural environmental impacts. Complexity in the domain of urban growth can be divided into such classes as spatial, temporal and decision-making processe. The causes of urban growth are quite similar with those of sprawl. In most of the instances they can not be discriminated since urban growth and sprawl are highly interlinked. However, it is important to realise that urban growth may be observed without the occurrence of sprawl, but sprawl must induce growth in urban area. Some  of  the causes, for example population  growth, may result in coordinated compact growth or uncoordinated sprawled growth.Because of similarity and replacement of these concepts in urban planning literature, the aim of paper is the identification of similarities and diversities of their various patterns. The concept of pattern has special definitions in different disciplines. In geographical terms, pattern refers to a "regular arrangement or logic ordering of objects in geo-space", the manner in which a phenomenon is distributed in time and space .Space logic is called spatial pattern. In addition, a temporal pattern can be defined for changes over time. The research main method is a combination of attributive methods and explanatory analysis methods which based on explanation of topic literature and comparative comparison of global studies. Research findings show that the creation of clear line among these three concepts and their sub-patterns is very difficult and there is no consensus between professionals. Finally, after investigating ten theories and extracting of twelve specific patterns, the current paper presents a special Urban Pattern Typology (UPT) in three sections including: conceptual model, relative share and spatial sphere.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Typology
  • Pattern
  • Urban Growth
  • urban expansion
  • urban sprawl

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نشریه هنرهای زیبا: معماری و شهرسازی
دوره 23، شماره 2
شهریور 1397
صفحه 53-66

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