تبیین مدل ارزیابی استفاده مجدد سازگار از خانه‌های میراثی تهران (با استفاده از روش F’ANP)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیات علمی ( استاد) داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﻣﻌﻤﺎری، ﭘﺮدﯾﺲ ﻫﻨﺮﻫﺎی زﯾﺒﺎ، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﺗﻬﺮان .

2 دانشجوی دکتری مرمت دانشکده معماری، پردیس هنرهای زیبا، دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

امروزه استفاده مجدد سازگار به عنوان یکی از راهبردهای اصلی برای حفظ میراث معماری محسوب می‌شود. این فرآیند عموماً به حفاظت از بناهای میراثیِ بدون استفاده از طریق تبدیل آنها برای استفاده‌های جدید و عملکردهای مناسب‌تر، ضمن حفظ ساختار، شخصیت، و هویت اصلی آنها برای نسل‌های آینده اشاره دارد. نیاز به یادگیری از تجارب گذشته و ارزیابی اشتباهات و موفقیت‌ها پس از استفاده مجدد همواره وجود دارد؛ و به دلیل اهمیت داشتن رویکردی یکپارچه در ارزیابی پروژه‌های استفاده مجدد، تعیین شاخص‌هایی جامع که دارای وزن می‌باشند، ضرورت می‌یابد. در مقاله حاضر ابتدا شاخص‌های استفاده مجدد سازگار با بررسی متون نظری و اسناد بین‌المللی این حوزه تعیین، و سپس با وزن‌دهی آنها به روش F’ANP مدل ارزیابی استفاده مجدد سازگار از خانه‌های میراثی تهران ارائه می‌گردد. نتیجه حاصل از این بررسی نشان می‌دهد که 4 معیار «ارتقاء ساختار اقتصادی»، «توسعه فرهنگی- اجتماعی»، «پایداری کالبدی»، و «ملاحظات محیطی» بیشترین تأثیر را بر استفاده مجدد سازگار از خانه‌های میراثی تهران داشته‌اند و شاخص «توجه به ویژگی‌های منطقه» با بالاترین وزن نهایی، بیشترین اهمیت را در ارزیابی دارد. پس از سه شاخص ملاحظات محیطی، شاخص‌های پتانسیل کالبدی تغییر عملکردی، ایجاد فرصت‌های شغلی، اقدامات حفاظتی، توسعه گردشگری، و تداوم منزلت فرهنگی در اولویت‌های بعدی می‌‌باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Explaining the Evaluation Model for Adaptive Reuse of Tehran Heritage Houses (by F’ANP Model)

نویسندگان [English]

  • pirooz hanachi 1
  • yalda shahteimouri 2
1 Faculty Member (Professor) School of Architecture, College of Fine Arts, Tehran University
2 PhD Student in Restoration and Revitalization of Historic Buildings and Fabrics, School of Architecture, College of Fine Arts, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

In a world where change is both permanent and inevitable, it is very important to adapt heritage buildings to today’s functions within the context of conservation methods in order to ensure their continuity. Buildings that are considered to be part of cultural heritage often undergo functional and physical changes over time with regards to their status and appearance. In case these buildings become unable to meet their original use over time, or in cases their relevant function becomes inappropriate in the current situation, it becomes necessary to make spatial changes within their structure. Towards revitalizing and generating sus‌tainable values of these buildings, many heritage buildings of cultural and historic significance are being adapted and reused rather than being demolished. To ensure the conservation of cultural properties, cultural heritages, and their historical, cultural, and aesthetic values, as well as to ensure the continuity of the cultural link between the past and the future, it is important to consider their potential new uses and functions. Today, the adaptive reuse is considered as one of the main strategies for conserving architectural heritage in theoretical and practical discussions of conservation. This process generally refers to conservation of heritage buildings without transforming them for new uses and more appropriate functions, while keeping their original structure, character, and identity for future generations. Adaptive reuse is an important aspect of preservation and conservation, and involves the reintegration of a historical structure into daily life through a new function. Using buildings outside of their original intended purpose, and benefiting from these buildings by providing them with new functions through which they can service society, contributes to the interaction between individuals, the buildings and society. Adaptive reuse can provide the added benefit of regenerating an area in a sustainable manner. However, it is also necessary to find the proper balance between the preservation of a cultural property and the change of its functions. There is always a need for learning from past experiences, evaluating the mistakes and successes after adaptation and reuse; and due to the significance of a comprehensive view and an integrated approach in assessing reuse projects, it is necessary to identify comprehensive indices with relative weight and importance. Hence, with a mixed methodological approach, this paper tries to achieve a full understanding of adaptive reuse indices by reviewing literature review and international documents in this field and then provides the evaluation model for adaptive reuse of heritage houses in Tehran. Therefore, 19 indicators derived from adaptive reuse are divided by F’ANP to the forming dimensions and then their relative significance is determined through the network analysis process. The results of this study demonstrate that 4 criteria of "enhancing economic structure", "socio-cultural development", "physical sustainability", and "environmental considerations" have had the greatest impact on adaptive reuse of Tehran heritage buildings and the regional characteristics index is of the highest significance in assessment. Following these indices, the environmental considerations, physical potential for functional change, creating employment opportunities, conservation measures, tourism development, and cultural preservation are the subsequent priorities.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Adaptive Reuse
  • Evaluation Indicators
  • Tehran Heritage Houses
  • F&rsquo
  • ANP Model

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نشریه هنرهای زیبا: معماری و شهرسازی
دوره 26، شماره 3
آذر 1400
صفحه 5-19

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