تدوین چارچوب ارزیابی اهمیت میراثی برای سناریوهای اقدامات بهره‌وری انرژی در بناهای تاریخی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجو دکتری معماری، گروه ساختمان، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

2 استاد گروه ساختمان، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران.

3 استاد گروه فناوری معماری، دانشکده معماری، دانشکدگان هنرهای زیبا، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.

چکیده

اقدامات بهره‌وری انرژی در ساختمان‌های موجود یکی از گزینه‌ها برای کاهش انتشار گاز دی‌اکسید کربن و صرفه‌جویی در مصرف انرژی است. بناهای تاریخی بخش بزرگی از ساختمان‌های موجود در کشورهای مختلف هستند و مطالعات بسیاری بر تطبیق بین اقدامات حفاظتی و بهره‌وری انرژی انجام شده است. تعیین اهمیت و ارزش میراثی بنا به‌عنوان اولین گام پژوهش مقدم بر تعیین اقدامات بهره‌وری انرژی است. هدف این مقاله تدوین یک چارچوب ارزیابی اهمیت میراثی بناهای تاریخی ایران جهت تنظیم سناریوهای اقدامات بهره‌وری انرژی است، به‌طوری‌که هم در فرآیند ارزیابی اهمیت میراثی و هم در ارزیابی تأثیرات میراثی ناشی از اقدامات بهره‌وری انرژی مؤثر عمل کند. روش این پژوهش کیفی و مبتنی بر مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای است و با رویکردی تحلیلی، به بررسی و تبیین کاستی‌های روش‌های ارزیابی میراثی در منابع معتبر علمی می‌پردازد. دستاورد این مقاله یک چارچوب ارزیابی اهمیت میراثی بومی‌شده برای بناهای تاریخی ایران است که بر اساس شش محور اصلی: مکان‌های ارزشیابی، اجزای ساختمان، تیپ‌بندی اجزا، عناصر اجزا، سطوح اهمیت میراثی و تحلیل کیفی تنظیم شده است. این ساختار قابلیت هم‌پوشانی اهمیت میراثی با تأثیرات میراثی ناشی از اقدامات بهره‌وری انرژی ضمن توجه به جزییات و عناصر خاص معماری ایرانی را داراست و امکان مقایسه میان اقدامات مختلف بهره‌وری انرژی جهت تصمیم‌گیری را فراهم می‌کند.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

A Heritage Significance Assessment Framework for Energy Retrofit Scenarios in Iran’s Historical Building

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Imani chat ghayeh 1
  • Mansoureh Tahbaz 2
  • Shahin Heidari 3
1 PhD Student in Architecture, Department of Construction, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Professor, Department of Construction, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
3 Professor, Department of Architectural Technology, School of Architecture, College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran.
چکیده [English]

Retrofitting  existing buildings can contribute to reducing carbon emissions and  energy consumption. Historic buildings constitute a significant portion of the existing building stock in various countries, and numerous studies have been conducted on the compatibility between conservation measures and energy retrofitting. Determining the significance and heritage value of a building is the first  step in research prior to identifying retrofit measures. The aim of this paper is to create a framework for assessing the heritage significance of Iran's historical buildings in the context of energy retrofit scenarios. This framework will be effective in both assessing heritage significance and evaluating the heritage impacts of energy retrofits. This study employs a qualitative methodology based on library research and adopts an analytical approach to examine and elucidate the shortcomings of heritage assessment methods presented in reliable scientific sources. Currently, there is no defined standard for evaluating heritage value. Most existing methods are general, non-specific, and lack detailed considerations, often being tailored to specific regions. There is also a lack of effective methods for accurately assessing the impact of energy retrofitting on cultural heritage value. The EFFESUS project methodology, due to its meticulous attention to detail, compatibility with energy retrofit implications, adaptability, and universal applicability,is proposed as a foundation for developing a localized framework for assessing the heritage significance of historic structures in Iran. Energy efficiency studies of historic buildings have mostly focused on the cold and temperate climates of Europe and on detached or semi-detached building typologies. However, Iran's historic architecture, reflecting its diverse climate, features a blend of open, semi-open, and enclosed spaces. Distinctive features, such as central courtyards, sunken gardens, gardens, and the relationship between buildings and their neighbors, have emerged. These features were analyzed within the proposed localized assessment framework. Due to the physical characteristics and construction methods of European historical buildings, the EFFESUS method primarily focuses on the building envelope. However, in Iranian architecture, elements such as the iwan (vaulted space), dome (Gonbad-khaneh), arcade (Revagh), basement (Sardab), windcatcher (Badgir), and minaret, among others, are also of significant importance and have been incorporated into the proposed assessment framework. This framework also considers the distinct characteristics and variations in the elements of Iranian historical architecture, such as windows, doors, iwans, and diverse façades. To gain a deeper understanding of intangible aspects in conjunction with quantitative evaluation, qualitative analysis using interviews with conservation experts and specialists was recommended to more accurately determine heritage significance. This proposed framework has been compiled into a checklist. The result of this article is a localized framework for assessing the heritage significance of historical buildings in Iran. This framework is structured around six main axes: evaluation locations, building elements, typology of elements, components and details, heritage significance, and qualitative analysis. This structure incorporates five levels of heritage significance. This framework considers specific details and elements of Iranian architecture to facilitate an integrated assessment of both heritage significance and the heritage impacts of energy retrofit measures, enabling comparison between different retrofit options for informed decision-making.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Energy efficiency
  • Heritage significance
  • historical building
  • Iran

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نشریه هنرهای زیبا: معماری و شهرسازی
دوره 30، شماره 1
خرداد 1404
صفحه 7-22

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