University Of Tehran Press Journal of Fine Arts: Architecture & Urban Planning 2228-6020 29 1 2024 03 20 Reproduction and Application of the Geometric Pattern of Girih in Contemporary Monuments of Iran Reproduction and Application of the Geometric Pattern of Girih in Contemporary Monuments of Iran 79 95 100088 10.22059/jfaup.2025.383550.673011 FA Mahsa Rezazadeh Faculty Member of Department of Architecture, Toos Institute of Higher Education, Mashhad, Iran. Hamed Kamelnia Associate Professor, Department of architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urbanism, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran. Journal Article 2023 10 22 Problem Statement: The present study examines the use of the geometric pattern of girih in the design of contemporary monuments across Iran. By employing a geometrical approach, this study analyzes how traditional girih patterns are used in contemporary designs through Salingaros’ pattern theory. It also explores the creation of new girih patterns based on the structure of traditional girih through geometric transformation in specific case examples. The key research questions are: How have geometric girih patterns been used in the contemporary monuments of Iran during the 1930s and 1940s? What is the role of girih in forming structuring patterns and shaping the form of memories? How does the flow of girih geometry transform from traditional to contemporary? Research Methodology: This study presents a method for analyzing, transforming, and reproducing the geometry of traditional patterns. This method is implemented using a mathematical-geometrical model . The paper explores the geometry of Iranian girih as a bridge connecting contemporary architecture and historical architecture. It begins by analyzing the girih pattern and its fundamental unit, then examines how the geometric pattern of Iranian girih is used as a structuring and aesthetic concept in contemporary monuments of Iran. Geometric analysis is used to illustrate the metamorphosis of these patterns based on changes in the critical points of the girih. The methodology integrates logical reasoning with case study research. The findings were analyzed through geometric and mathematical analysis, followed by data interpretation using Excel and SPSS software. Objective: This study aims to explore how girihs were used in contemporary Iranian monuments in the 1940s and 1950s, the geometric techniques employed to modify girih geometry, and how traditional hidden geometry evolved into new forms in practical geometry (building designs and volumes). Another key objective is to investigate the influence of the geometric pattern of girih on the structure and arrangement of contemporary monument forms. Research Background: Theorists such as Ardalan, Bakhtiar, Burkhart, and Nasr have addressed Islamic geometric decorations from a philosophical perspective, while Cromwell and Critchlow have examined them from mathematical and geometric viewpoints (Khwarazmi, 2012: 14). In terms of domestic research, the literature on Islamic girih patterns focuses on the principles of drawing traditional girih, particularly in discussions of their geometric recognition. Conclusion: Based on the results of this research, it is possible to contemporize the pattern of geometric girih. This study demonstrates how the hidden geometry of traditional patterns serves as a connection between the past and present in architecture. It highlights how changing the fundamental points of the smallest component of the girih (the base unit or sub-girih) can alter the overall geometry while maintaining the structural connection of the components. . Problem Statement: The present study examines the use of the geometric pattern of girih in the design of contemporary monuments across Iran. By employing a geometrical approach, this study analyzes how traditional girih patterns are used in contemporary designs through Salingaros’ pattern theory. It also explores the creation of new girih patterns based on the structure of traditional girih through geometric transformation in specific case examples. The key research questions are: How have geometric girih patterns been used in the contemporary monuments of Iran during the 1930s and 1940s? What is the role of girih in forming structuring patterns and shaping the form of memories? How does the flow of girih geometry transform from traditional to contemporary? Research Methodology: This study presents a method for analyzing, transforming, and reproducing the geometry of traditional patterns. This method is implemented using a mathematical-geometrical model . The paper explores the geometry of Iranian girih as a bridge connecting contemporary architecture and historical architecture. It begins by analyzing the girih pattern and its fundamental unit, then examines how the geometric pattern of Iranian girih is used as a structuring and aesthetic concept in contemporary monuments of Iran. Geometric analysis is used to illustrate the metamorphosis of these patterns based on changes in the critical points of the girih. The methodology integrates logical reasoning with case study research. The findings were analyzed through geometric and mathematical analysis, followed by data interpretation using Excel and SPSS software. Objective: This study aims to explore how girihs were used in contemporary Iranian monuments in the 1940s and 1950s, the geometric techniques employed to modify girih geometry, and how traditional hidden geometry evolved into new forms in practical geometry (building designs and volumes). Another key objective is to investigate the influence of the geometric pattern of girih on the structure and arrangement of contemporary monument forms. Research Background: Theorists such as Ardalan, Bakhtiar, Burkhart, and Nasr have addressed Islamic geometric decorations from a philosophical perspective, while Cromwell and Critchlow have examined them from mathematical and geometric viewpoints (Khwarazmi, 2012: 14). In terms of domestic research, the literature on Islamic girih patterns focuses on the principles of drawing traditional girih, particularly in discussions of their geometric recognition. Conclusion: Based on the results of this research, it is possible to contemporize the pattern of geometric girih. This study demonstrates how the hidden geometry of traditional patterns serves as a connection between the past and present in architecture. It highlights how changing the fundamental points of the smallest component of the girih (the base unit or sub-girih) can alter the overall geometry while maintaining the structural connection of the components. .

https://jfaup.ut.ac.ir/article_100088_40b092b4715b46193bf1ffee839d2c4e.pdf