ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Role of Flagship Developments in the Regeneration of Inner City Textures: The Case Study of Yazd City, Iran
Regeneration of historical and deteriorated areas of cities has been noted in recent urban planning literature worldwide. Inefficiency is a main problem in deteriorated urban areas where the possibility of updating and spontaneous changing has disappeared. Similar to many other countries, current process of extension of urban deteriorated area in Iran indicates that problems will be complicated, if we did not apply any precautionary measures, suitable policies, planning and ation plans. In this regard, one solution has been implementation of flagship developments. One of the main objectives of flagship developments is to achieve urban regeneration goals; an approach that is used as a comprehensive strategy for applying some positive changes in one place that have signs of deterioration. It considers quality improvement, with integrated goals of economic, social and physical topics. This strategy is used in order to improve a place that is in the process of decaying and deteriorating, but advocators of flagship development have unanimity in this subject, which one zone of urban won't achieve regeneration without such projects; Because of, flagship developments caused a series of reactions that will be finished to regeneration of urban fabric. On the other hand, it is not true that we hope to achieve development in the vast area of urban just by relying on this project because many projects in all around the world could not achieve their main goal that was regenerating a decaying fabric. Historical fabric of Yazd city is one of the important historical urban fabrics of Iran that have high historical value but in recent years, is encountered with decaying process. Accordingly, the present article is to collect indicators of urban mobility and development by studying the theoretical literature and reviewing practical experiences, to study the role of flagship developments in historic fabric of Yazd city. For having a comprehensive evaluation, had used 27 objective indicators in three branches: residential, activity and physical parameters, in the nine neighborhoods of the central districts of Yazd city. The research method is a combination of analytical techniques; On the one hand the world's leading texts on the urban regeneration and flagship development have studied. On the other hand the secondary data analysis of 850 city blocks in the statistical analysis software (SPSS 21) and geographic information systems (Arc GIS) was conducted. The findings of this study show that the main factors of evaluating the role of flagship development and such projects in regenerating the inner cities fabric, includes eight factors. These factors include: residential status, the physical condition of housing and residential environment, the activity situation, the economic situation, physical renewal, construction's mobility, governmental investment and general situation of neighborhood's fabric. Then by using TOPSIS as a multi-criteria decision making technique (MCDM) the results show that in the historic fabric of the city of Yazd, Gonbadesabz neighborhood has the best situation and Zoroastrians neighborhood has the most chaotic situation in relation to the combined indicators of mobility and development. Keywords: Flagship development, Urban regeneration, Factor Analysis, TOPSIS, Yazd city.
https://jfaup.ut.ac.ir/article_65692_d9f2936f1636594af1ec3b894bd49977.pdf
2018-02-20
5
16
10.22059/jfaup.2018.227156.671653
Flagship development
urban regeneration
factor analysis
TOPSIS
Yazd city
Mohammad Mehdi
Azizi
mmazizi@ut.ac.ir
1
Professor, School of Urban Plannig, College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Bahare
Bahra
baharebahra@gmail.com
2
Master of Urban Planning
AUTHOR
ایمری، راب و لیز، لورتا و راکو، مایک (1390)، نوسازی شهر لندن: حکمرانی، پایداری و اجتماعمحوری در یک شهر جهانی، ترجمه مجتبی رفیعیان، انتشارات دانشگاه تهران، تهران.
1
پورتر، لیبی و شاو، کیت (1392)، کدام نوزایی شهری؟ مقایسه استراتژی های بازسازی شهری در سطح بین الملل، ترجمه منوچهر طبیبیان، انتشارات دانشگاه تهران، تهران.
2
راجرز، ریچارد (1392)، شهرهای پایدار برای سیارهای کوچک، خسرو افضلیان، مؤسسه چاپ آستان قدس رضوی، مشهد.
3
زبردست، اسفندیار (1393)، کاربرد مدل F’ANP در شهرسازی، هنرهای زیبا-معماری و شهرسازی، دوره 19، شماره 2، صص 23 ـ 38.
4
صحیزاده، مهشید و ایزدی، محمدسعید (1383)، حفاظت و توسعه شهری دو رویکرد مکمل یا مغایر، مجله آبادی، شماره 45، صص 12 ـ 21.
5
کاکرین، آلن (1387)، سیاستهای شهری، رویکرد انتقادی، ترجمه عارف اقوامی مقدم، تهران: انتشارات آذرخش.
6
لطفی، سهند، (1391)، تبارشناسی بازآفرینی شهری از بازسازی تا نوزایی، انتشارات آذرخش، تهران.
7
لنگ، جان (1391)، گونهشناسی، رویهها و طرحها همراه با بیش از پنجاه مورد خاص، ترجمه سید حسین بحرینی، انتشارات دانشگاه تهران، تهران.
8
وزارت راه و شهرسازی (1393)، سند ملی راهبردی احیاء، بهسازی، نوسازی و توانمندسازی بافتهای فرسوده و ناکارآمد شهری، دفتر هیئت دولت، تهران.
9
Alpopi, C., & Manole, C. (2013), Integrated urban regeneration, solution for cities revitalize, Procedia Economics and Finance, 6, pp. 178–185.
10
Attoe, W & Logan, P (1989), American Urban Architecture: Catalysts in the Design of cities, University of California Press, Berkley.
11
Beauregard, R. A & Holcomb, H. B (1981), Revitalizing cities, Association of American Geographers, Washington.
12
Boelsums, R (2012), Living next to flagship development, regional studies association, European Conference, Europe.
13
Cochran, A., (2007), Understanding Urban Policy: A Critical Approach, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.
14
Couch, C; Fraser, C & Percy, S (ed.) (2003), Urban Regeneration in Europe, Blackwell Publishing, Oxford.
15
Cowan, R (2005), The Dictionary of Urbanism, Streetwise Press, Britain.
16
Deakin, M; Campbell, F & Alasdair, R (2012), The mass-retrofitting of an energy efficient-low carbon zone: baselining the urban regeneration strategy, vision, masterplan and redevelopment scheme, Energy Policy, Vol 45, pp 187–200.
17
EDAW ( 2002), http://www.rudi.net/node/17478.
18
Ellin, N (2006), Integral Urbanism, Routledge, London and New York.
19
English Partnership (2003), BURA Awards, National regeneration Agency, London.
20
Ertan, T & Egercioglu, Y (2016), Historic city center urban regeneration: case of Malaga and Kemeralti, Izmir, Procedia – social and behavioral sciences, Vol 223, pp. 601 - 607.
21
Foster, J (1999), Docklands: Cultures in Conflict, Worlds in Collision, UCL Press, London.
22
Gullino, Silvia (2009), Urban regeneration and democratization of information access, Journal of environmental management, Vol 90, pp 2012 - 2019.
23
Guzey, O (2016), The last round in restructuring the city: urban regeneration becomes a state policy of disaster prevention in Turkey, Cities, Vol 50, pp 40 –53.
24
Hall, P (2014), Cities of Tomorrow: an intellectual history of urban planning and design since 1880, Wiley Blackwell, United States.
25
Huston, S; Rahimzad, R & Parsa, A (2015), Smart sustainable urban regeneration: institutions, quality and financial innovation, Cities, Vol 48, pp 66 –75.
26
Laprise, M; Lufkin, S & Rey, E (2015), An indicator system for the assessment of sustainability integrated into the project dynamics of regeneration of disused urban areas, Building and Environment, Vol 86, pp 29–38.
27
La Rosa, D & Privitera, R, etc. (2017), Assessing spatial benefits of urban regeneration programs in a highly vulnerable urban context: A case study in Catania, Italy, Landscape and Urban planning, Vol 157, pp 180 - 192.
28
Li, Ling & Hong, Guangbin et al., (2016), Evaluating the performance of public involvement for sustainable urban regeneration, Procedia engineering, Vol 145, pp 1493 - 1500.
29
Macdougall, D (1993), Putting the heart Back in the City, in 100 Years: Town Planning in Dundee, Duncan of Jordanstone College of Art, Dundee.
30
O’Tool, M & Usher, D (1992), Editorial, in: P. Healey et al. (Eds) Rebuilding the City: property-led urban regeneration, E. & F. N. Spon, London.
31
Roberts, P & Sykes, H (2000), Urban Regeneration, Handbook, Sage Publications, London.
32
Smyth, H (1994), Marketing the city, the role of flagship developments in urban regeneration, Talor & Francis, UK.
33
Temelova, J (2007), Flagship Developments and The Physical Upgrading of Post socialist Inner City: The golden angel project in Prague, Department of Social Geography and Regional Development, Faculty of Science Charles, University of Prague.
34
Vicario, L & Monje, P.M.M (2003), Another “Guggenheim effect”? The generation of a potentially gentrifiable neighborhood in Bilbao, Urban Studies, Vol 40, No 12, pp. 2383 – 2400.
35
Villagra, P; Rojas, C; Ohno, R; Xue, M & Gómez, K (2014), A GIS-base exploration of the relationships between open space systems and urban form for the adaptive capacity of cities after an earthquake: the cases of two Chilean cities, Applied Geography, Vol 48, pp. 64–78.
36
Zheng, H. W; Shen, G. Q. P & Wang, H (2014), A review of recent studies on sustainable urban renewal, Habitat International, Vol 41, pp. 272–279.
37
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Explaining a different kind of informal space production in Baneh border County; capital accumulation and poverty deepening
Today, a different kind of informal space production in urban and regional scales has caused urban sprawl, increase in population and physical growth of rural settlements which are close to cities, and the growth of some corridors on a regional scale. Creating a free commercial space for informal cross-border trades, the growth of informal space by the officials and governmental authorities, high volume of trade-based tourism and the growth of capital in the urban areas in the shadow of the existing poor economy are the main reasons for the emergence of high demand for accommodation in urban and rural settlements in Baneh county. So the housing and urban sprawl has trespassed the planning system at a rapid pace. This leads to the growth of construction in the form of informal settlements. The purpose of this research is to present a new typology that describes these informal settlements and addresses the role of officials and governmental authorities in creating these informal spaces in the border town of Baneh. The research’s fondest hope is to be a practical study, and its method is descriptive-analytical. To achieve the objectives of the research, field surveys and studies have been conducted in the city and the peripheral region. On the regional scale, the location and number of second homes were identified in three corridors as macro level of informal settlements in Baneh County. The second level of informal settlements was identified by questionnaire distributed among the villages as supplementary material to the field survey. This was conducted in a buffer of a two kilometer radius from the city of Baneh. The population data of villages were collected through library researches and by referring to data provided the health center of Baneh County. The third layer of informal settlements in Baneh County was identified through field survey and documentary method to delineate the customary range of accommodation in Baneh. In doing so, also the Delphi Method was employed. The results of the present study show that the informal settlements can be classified into three layers with respect to spatial scale (informal construction of second homes in regional corridors, urban sprawl and physical growth in rural areas around the city, and the expansion of informal settlements in the city). These layers can be classified into two poles regarding their nature: the poor and the rich informal settlements. The consequences of informal cross-border economy and trade have led to the growth in activities and increase in the border residents’ income. But some setbacks such as the lack of proper and timely managements and flexible planning and the presence of factors and agents that have created informal residential spaces have led to emerging of new spatial consequences in accommodation system and the growth of the city and peripheral region of Baneh. Thus, it is pivotal that these factors and agents be considered more than ever in order to make the growth of the city and peripheral region proceed in a proper manner.
https://jfaup.ut.ac.ir/article_65693_e4e022a109d5d8dbd04de39f94444a35.pdf
2018-02-20
17
28
10.22059/jfaup.2018.242770.671831
Informal Space Production
Informal Settlements
Second Homes
Formal institution and Management
Growth and Poverty
Baneh Border County
Mehdi
Razpour
m.razpour@gmail.com
1
Ph.D. Student in Urban Planning Iran University of Science and Technology
AUTHOR
Reza
KHEYRODDIN
reza_kheyroddin@iust.ac.ir
2
Iran University of Science and Technology
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abd alhadi
Daneshpour
daneshpour@iust.ac.ir
3
Iran University of Science and Technology
AUTHOR
ایراندوست، کیومرث؛ اعظمی، محمد؛ تولایی، روحالله (1393)، شاخصهای تعریف و تعیین سکونتگاههای غیررسمی در ایران، نشریه مطالعات و پژوهشهای شهری و منطقهای، شماره 21، صص43-60.
1
ایراندوست، کیومرث (1389)، سکونتگاههای غیررسمی و اسطوره حاشیهنشینی، چاپ دوم، انتشارات سازمان فناوری اطلاعات و شهرداری تهران.
2
ایراندوست، کیومرث؛ صرافی، مظفر (1386)، یأس و امید در سکونتگاههای غیررسمی؛ نمونه موردی کرمانشاه، فصلنامه رفاه اجتماعی، سال هفتم، شماره 26، صص221-201.
3
پیران، پرویز (1381)، باز هم در باب اسکان غیررسمی؛ مورد شیرآباد زاهدان، هفت شهر، سال سوم، شماره 9 و 10، صص24-7.
4
ترکمه، آرش (1393)، درآمدی بر تولید فضای هانری لوفور، نشر تیسا، تهران.
5
حاتمی نژاد، حسین؛ شورچه، محمد (1393)، شهر و نظریه انتقادی، با تاکید بر آرا و آثار دیوید هاروی، پرهام نقش، تهران.
6
خندانی، رئیس میراث فرهنگی بانه و دبیر ستاد تسهیلات سفرهای شهرستان بانه، به نقل از پایگاه خبری کرد تودی، 31 شهریور 1393، کد خبر: 2624.
7
خندانی، رئیس میراث فرهنگی بانه و دبیر ستاد تسهیلات سفرهای شهرستان بانه، به نقل از پایگاه خبری کرد تودی، 24 تیر 1394، کد خبر : 7095.
8
خیرالدین، رضا؛ دانشپور، سید عبدالهادی؛ رازپور، مهدی (1395)، بررسی و تحلیل چالشهای پایداری توسعه فضایی در شهر مرزی بانه، فصلنامه علمی - پژوهشی پژوهش و برنامه ریزی شهری، دوره 7، شماره 25، صص63-84.
9
خیرالدین، رضا، رازپور، مهدی (1393: الف)، پایش تحولات فضایی سکونتگاههای روستایی مناطق مرزی؛ چالشها و ظرفیتها در کارکرد جامعه روستایی شهرستان مرزی بانه، مجله روستا و توسعه، 17 (4)، صص48-25.
10
خیرالدین، رضا؛ رازپور، مهدی (1393: ب)، بررسی پیامدهای اقتصاد غیررسمی و توریسم تجاری بر تحولات کالبدی فضایی شهرستان مرزی بانه رویکرد تحلیل استراتژیک فضایی چند مقیاسی، مجله مطالعات و پژوهشهای شهری و منطقهای، 5 (20)، صص84-63.
11
رازپور، مهدی (1392)، بررسی عوامل و تحلیل پیامدهای اقتصاد غیر رسمی مرزی در تحولات فضایی شهرستان مرزی بانه، پایانامة کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران.
12
رحیمی، سعدالله، سرپرست اداره میراث فرهنگی، گردشگری و صنایع دستی بانه، به نقل از فارس نیوز، 4 اسفند 1392.
13
http://www.farsnews.com/printable.php?nn=13921203000923
14
روستا، مجید (1389)، سکونتگاههای غیررسمی و دلایل شکلگیری آن در کشور ، پورتال وزارت مسکن و شهرسازی ، تاریخ 9 /11 / 1389 .
15
سالنامههای آماری استان کردستان 1345 الی 1395.
16
علوی، سید محسن، مدیرکل میراث فرهنگی استان کردستان، به نقل از پایگاه خبری نوای آبیدر، 15 فروردین 1396، کد خبر: 4794.
17
http://navayeabidar.com/news/4794
18
کاظمیان، غلامرضا؛ قربانیزاده، وجهالله؛ شفیعا، سعید (1391)، دستیابی به توسعه پایدار محلی از طریق ظرفیت اجتماعی ساکنین و فعالان اقتصادی محله غیررسمی، نشریه مطالعات شهری، شماره 4، 12-3.
19
فرهنگ آبادیها و دهیاریهای استان کردستان در سالهای 1345 الی 1395.
20
فعلهگری، علی (1388)، رئیس سازمان میراث فرهنگی، صنایع دستی و گردشگری استان کردستان، مصاحبه با خبرگزاری فارس، گروه فضای مجازی.
21
http://www.farsnews.com/newstext.php?nn=8806020912
22
فکوهی، ناصر (1390)، انسان شناسی شهری، نشر نی، تهران.
23
لوفور، هانری (1393) ماتریالیسم دیالکتیکی، ترجمهی آیدین ترکمه، نشر تیسا، تهران.
24
محمودی پاتی، فرزین و محمد پور عمران، محمد (1387)، سیاست های مدیریت زمین شهری، انتشارات شهیدی، چاپ اول، تهران.
25
معین آبادی، حسین (1388)، مهاجرت روستایی و معضلات فرهنگی اجتماعی قم، فصلنامه جمعیت، شماره69،70، صص56-29.
26
واحد آمار و اطلاعات مرکز بهداشت شهر بانه.
27
وطن دوست، آرمان، معاونت گردشگری میراث فرهنگی استان کردستان، به نقل از باشگاه خبرنگاران سنندج، 25 مرداد 1393، کد خبر:۴۹۴۶۳۹۷.
28
Anabestani, A.A & Khosh Chehre, M. J (2015), The survey of social consequences due to presence of second home tourism on rural settlements of Binalud County, Journal of geographical planning of space, Volume 5, Issue 15, Spring 2015, pp. 109-128. [In Persian]
29
Davies, B. Richard & O’Farrel, Patrick N (1981), A Spatial and Temporal Analysis of second Homes ownership in west wales, Geoforum, Vol.12, No. 2, pp. 161-178.
30
El Menshawy, A; Shafik Aly, Sh & Moussa Salman, A (2011), Sustainable upgrading of informal settlements in the developing world, case study: Ezzbet Abad El Meniem Riyadh, Alexandria, Egypt, International Conference on Green Buildings and Sustainable Cities, Procedia Engineering, 21, pp. 168-177.
31
Harvey, David (2008), the right to the city, New Left Review, 53(September–October), pp. 23–40.
32
Hoogendoorn, G; Mellett, R & Visser, G (2005), Second homes tourism in Africa: Reflections on the South African experience, Urban Forum, 16(2), pp.112-154.
33
Jansson, B; Müller, D.K & Hall, C.M (2004), Second home plans among second home owners in Northern Europe's periphery. Tourism, mobility and second homes: between elite landscape and common ground, Channel View Publications, Clevedon, pp. 261-272.
34
Kaltenborn, B.P; Andersen, O & Nellemann, C (2009), Amenity development in the Norwegian mountains: effects of second home owner environmental attitudes on preferences for alternative development options, Landscape and Urban Planning, 91(4), pp. 195-201.
35
Müller, Dieter K (2000), Second Home Ownership and Sustainable Development in Northern Sweden, Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Research, 3(4), pp. 343-355.
36
Olajide, O (2010), Urban Poverty and Environmental Conditions in Informal Settlements of Ajegunle, Lagos Nigeria, REAL CORP, pp. 827-836.
37
Opitz-Stapleton, S; Seraydarian, L; MacClune, K; Guibert, G; Reed, S; Uennatornwaranggoon, F & Rumbaitis del Rio, C (2011), Building Resilience to Climate Change in Asian Cities. Konrad Otto-Zimmermann, “Resilient Cities: Cities and Adaptation to Climate Change Proceedings of the Global Forum 2010 Volume 1 of Local Sustainability”, Bonn, Germany, ICLEI.
38
Rezvani,M., R & Safaee, J (2005), The effects of second home tourism, opportunity or threat, the case of rural areas of the north of Tehran, Journal of geographical research, No. 54, pp. 109-121. [In Persian]
39
Rye, J.F (2011), Conflicts and contestations. Rural populations’ perspectives on the second homes phenomenon, Journal of Rural Studies, 27(3), pp. 263-274.
40
Tonnelat, Stéphane (2010), the sociology of urban public spaces (in Territorial Evolution and Planning Solution: Experiences from China and France), Paris, Atlantis Press.
41
UN-HABITAT (2013), State of the World‘s Cities Report 2008/2009: Harmonious Cities, Available online: http://www.unhabitat.org/pmss/listItemDetails.aspx?publicationID=2562
42
UN-HABITAT (2003), THE CHALLENGE OF SLUMS, Global Report on Human Settlement, in: www.unhabitat.org
43
UN-HABITAT (2007), Habitat Debate, Financing for the urban poor, in: www.unhabitat.org
44
Wolfe, R.I (1951), Summer Cottagers in Ontario, Economic Geography Journal, 27(1), pp. 10–32.
45
William, A.M & Hall, C.M (2000), Tourism and Migration: New relationships between production and consumption, Tourism Geographies, 2(1), pp. 5-27.
46
Vepsäläinen, M & Pitkänen, K (2010), Second home countryside. Representations of the rural in Finnish popular discourses, Journal of Rural Studies, 26(2), pp. 194-204.
47
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A survey on spatial integration and the process of evolution in the Iranian mosque
A survey on spatial integration and its evolutionary progress in Iranian ancient mosques Saeid Golestani*, Isa Hojat **, Mehdi Saedvandi*** * **PH.D Candidate of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture, Art University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran ** Professor, Faculty of Architecture, University College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran,Tehran, Iran ***Assistant Professor, Faculty of Architecture, Art University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran Abstract The genesis and development of Iranian Mosques during the history, is an ideal context to study the process of spatial changes in Iranian architecture. The turning point of the Iranian mosque progress is the transforming of simple Arabic Mosques to four-Iwan mosque in the Seljuk dynasty era at the first of the 11th century. After the time, Iranian architecture, focused on refinement and development the Iranian mosque type. Through their innovation, they succeeded to achieve a diverse and integrated spatial system. We frequently face some special terms such as transparency, expansion, fluidity, continuity and legerity, while reviewing some studies on spatial features of Iranian traditional architecture. These terms seem to be mostly overlapped in concept, which itself cause to misunderstand the differences. In the article after reviewing existing theories about spatial features of Iranian traditional architecture, through application of logical reasoning strategy, we concluded that all the terms can be organized under a pervasive concept which called as “spatial integration” in this paper. In the research to achieve a better perception of the Iranian architects approach to organize the space, first of all, we tried to organize and explain the concepts of the mentioned terms. Then, the terms were examined through analyzing a number of Iranian ancient mosques using analytic tools. The incorporation of Iwan and Dome into the simple Arabic mosques, in 11th century, led to the rupture of the open space of bedchamber, it also led to some functional conflicts for the prayers. The results obtained of this study showed that after the transition, architects to resolve problem, constantly follow the concept of spatial integration. It shall be divided to three main derivatives, visual integration, structural integration and visual-structural integration: - Visual Integration (Spatial transparency): Developing of visual connections between different spaces, through fading the mass around the spaces. - Structural integration (Spatial continuity): Gradual conversion of a space to another space or Walking inside the spaces without facing any barrier. -Visual-structural integration (Expansion): Retreating of walls and creating new spaces around a spatial core, full fading of spatial borders and maximum combination two spaces. The paper also demonstrates despite of some viewpoints, the progress of Iranian traditional architecture never stopped in the different historical periods. In this way, spatial creativity during the Qajar period, at the end of tradition, situated in higher level compare to the past. This study also showed that how architectures can access a continuous and integrated space by innovating new spatial combinations. • Key words: Spatial integration, transparency, Expansion, Continuity, Iranian mosque. • This paper has been extracted from the PhD thesis of Saeid Golestani in Art University of Isfahan (+98-912) 2102137, Email:said.golestani@gmail.com
https://jfaup.ut.ac.ir/article_65695_81e9c4a768e6bb0a1cd3bb38209fc362.pdf
2018-02-20
29
44
10.22059/jfaup.2018.65695
Spatial integration
transparency
Expansion
Continuity
Iranian mosque
saeid
golestani
said.golestani@gmail.com
1
engineer
LEAD_AUTHOR
Isa
Hojat
isahojat@ut.ac.ir
2
Professor of Tehran university
AUTHOR
Mehdi
Saedvandi
saedvandi@yahoo.com
3
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Architecture, Art University of Isfahan
AUTHOR
اردلان، نادر و لاله بختیار(1390)، حس وحدت، ترجمه ونداد جلیلی و احسان طایفه، نشر علم معمار، تهران.
1
احمدی، فرهاد(1391)، فصل و وصل در معماری ایران، فصلنامه کیمیای هنر، شماره3، صص131-135.
2
استیرلن، هانری(1377)، اصفهان تصویر بهشت، نشر فروزان روز، تهران.
3
بهشتی، سید محمد(1389)، مسجد ایرانی، مکان معراج مومن، انتشارات روزنه، تهران.
4
بلیلان، لیدا (1387)، تاثیر فضای بینابینی در پیوستگی فضایی عناصر معماری و شهری در ایران، پایان نامه دکتری معماری، دانشگاه آزاد علوم و تحقیقات، واحد تهران.
5
پوپ، آرتور (1390 )، معماری ایران، مترجم: غلامحسین صدری افشار، چاپ نهم (اول ناشر)، نشر دات، تهران.
6
توسلی، محمود (1367)، اصول و روشهای طراحی شهری و فضاهای مسکونی در ایران، مرکز مطالعات و تحقیقات معماری و شهرسازی ایران، تهران.
7
حایری، محمد رضا (1388)، نقش فضا در معماری ایران، انتشارات دفتر پژوهشهای فرهنگی، تهران.
8
حاج قاسمی، کامبیز(1391)، شاخصه های معماری ایران، مجله صفه، شماره 58، صص 7-18.
9
حاجی قاسمی، کامبیز و همکاران (1375)، گنجنامه، فرهنگ آثار معماری اسلامی ایران، دفتر دوم. مساجد اصفهان، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران.
10
حاجی قاسمی،کامبیز و همکاران (1383)، گنجنامه، فرهنگ آثار معماری اسلامی ایران، دفتر هفتم مساجد جامع، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران.
11
حجت، عیسی؛ گلستانی، سعید و سعدوندی، مهدی(1394)، راهیابی گنبد خانه به مساجد ایران، روایتی از گسست و پیوست فضا، هنرهای زیبا-معماری و شهرسازی، دوره 20، شماره3، صص 21-30.
12
سلطان زاده، حسین (1382)، روند شکل گیری معماری ایران، مجموعه مقالات کنگره ارگ بم، سازمان میراث فرهنگی کشور، تهران.
13
گروت، لیندا و وانگ، دیوید (1384). روشهای تحقیق در معماری، انتشارات دانشگاه تهران، تهران.
14
میرمیران، سید هادی (1379)، مدرسه سپهسالار ... ، مجله معمار، شماره 8، صص 54-57.
15
میرمیران، سید هادی (1383)، جریانی نو در معماری معاصر ایران، روزنامه همشهری، شماره3529، ص 19.
16
مجله آبادی (1374)، معماری ایرانی در سخن چهار نسل از معماران صاحب نظر، شماره19، صص 4-45.
17
معماریان، غلامحسین (1384)، سیری در مبانی نظری معماری، انتشارات سروش دانش، تهران.
18
نوایی،کامبیز و حاج قاسمی، کامبیز (1390)، خشت و خیال، انتشارات سروش با همکاری دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران.
19
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Analysis of the Amount of Eventful in the 15 Regions of Isfahan Metropolis with Special Reference to Event Infrastructures
The metropolis of Isfahan, as a city with rich history and culture, has the potential to host events on a variety of local to international levels. The city could use the opportunity to hold events to attract tourists, stimulate the regeneration of decayed areas, and develop in economic, social and cultural dimensions. However, the prerequisite for holding events and, consequently, benefiting from them, is to provide adequate infrastructure and facilities. Therefore, in this paper after literature review in theoretical and practical part, 23 criteria with regard to infrastructure of the event extract. Then by classifying the above mentioned criteria, the 15 regions of Isfahan metropolis have been ranked and analyzed in terms of having the mentioned infrastructures. This research is in the category of applied studies and is mixed research paradigm (mixture or combination of quantitative and qualitative methods). The required information is obtained from the documentary method by referring to the statistics and government documents and also surveying (observation and questionnaire type). For analyzing the data and ranking the regions, AHP method with Expert Choice software has been used. After extracting the rating map from GIS software, the final results have been analyzed. The results indicate that there is a gap between the metropolitan areas of Isfahan in terms of having the infrastructure of the event, so that most of the infrastructure has accumulated in the central regions, which can be an obstacle for the emergence of the metropolis of Isfahan to the eventful city. In addition, it was also revealed that regions 2, 9, 11, 14 and 15 are in a very bad position and require special attention and placement in the first priority of planning. Regions 7, 10, 12 and 13 are in short supply, are considered as deprived areas and are planned in the second priority. The 4th and 8th areas in the semi-privileged group have a relatively favorable situation and are planned in the third priority. Regions 1, 5 and 6, which are at the optimal level in terms of having the infrastructure of the event, are in the fourth priority, and in the end, region 3 is with a high degree of status, so is more favorable than other regions and is scheduled in the fifth priority. It is worth mentioning that, in general, Iran is not able to comply with the protocol set by the owners of cloud-based events, and therefore hosting large events in the present situation of Iranian society seems impossible. So paying attention to smaller events at the national and local levels and providing the necessary infrastructure for them can provide a suitable field for hosting larger events in the future. It was also revealed that the metropolis of Isfahan needs a special and comprehensive attention to qualitative and quantitative infrastructure development in order to become an eventful city. To this end, provides suggestions for eliminating the exclusion of Isfahan areas from the infrastructure of the event and prioritizing them.
https://jfaup.ut.ac.ir/article_65696_b710c7b682e2414ac922498a9e456acc.pdf
2018-02-20
45
56
10.22059/jfaup.2018.246536.671874
event
Eventful City
Event space
Event Infrastructure
Isfahan
Homayoon
Nooraie
hnooraie@gmail.com
1
Assistant Professor of Urban & Regional Planning
Art University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
LEAD_AUTHOR
Nikoo
Sattari
n.sattari1395@gmail.com
2
Art University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
AUTHOR
رنجبر، هادی؛ حقدوست، علیاکبر؛ صلصالی، مهوش؛ خوشدل، علیرضا؛ سلیمانی، محمدعلی و نسیم بهرامی (1391)، نمونه گیری در پژوهشهای کیفی: راهنمایی برای شروع، سالنامه پژوهش علوم و سلامت نظامی، 10 (3)، صص 238-250.
1
رنجبریان، بهرام و محمد زاهدی (1384)، رویدادهای گردشگری، تنوع و مدیریت، فصلنامه مطالعات جهانگردی، شماره 5، صص 27-51.
2
زبردست، اسفندیار و همایون نورائی (1395)، سنجش کیفیت زندگی در قلمرو مسکن در بافتهای فرسوده واجد ارزش تاریخی شهر اصفهان، هنرهای زیبا- معماری و شهرسازی، 21 (4)، صص 29-38.
3
زنگیآبادی، علی؛ عبدالله زاده، مهدی؛ مبارکی، امید و لاله پورعیدیوند (1391)، بررسی و تحلیل فضاهای گردشگری شهر ارومیه، فصلنامه علمی- پژوهشی فضای جغرافیایی، شماره 39، صص 77-93.
4
شبانی، امیرحسین و محمدسعید ایزدی (1393)، رویکردی نوین به بازآفرینی شهر خلاق، نقش جهان، شماره 4 (2)، صص 63-73.
5
شهرداری اصفهان (1394)، آمارنامه شهر اصفهان، قابل دسترس از طریق http://www.isfahan.ir/Index.aspx?lang=1&sub=36 (دستیابی در تاریخ: 12/04/96).
6
شهرداری اصفهان (1394)، اطلس کلانشهر اصفهان، شهرداری اصفهان، اصفهان.
7
ملکنیا، محبوبه (1392)، بررسی مهم ترین عوامل توسعه گردشگری در شهر تهران، مرکز مطالعات و برنامهریزی شهر تهران، شهرداری تهران.
8
Absalyamov, T (2015), The Influence of Cultural and Sport Mega-events on Sustainable Development of the City. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 188, 197-201.
9
BOP Consulting (2011), Edinburgh Festivals Impact Study, www.bop.co.uk, Retrieved November 11, 2017, from www.eventimpacts.com/research
10
Busa, F (2011), Mega-Events As Catalysts for Urban Transformation, In Shanghai Manual – A Guide for Sustainable Urban Development in the 21st Century (p. CHAPTER 10), United Nations.
11
Colombo, A (2017), Music Festivals and Eventfulness: Examining Eventful Cities By Event Geners and Policy Agendas, Event Management, 21, 563-573.
12
Cudny, W (2016), Festivalisation of Urban Spaces, springer.
13
Deng, Y; Poon, S & Chan, E (2016), Planning Mega- Events Bult Legacies- A Case of Expo 2010, Habitat International, 53, 163-177.
14
Getz, D (2017), Developing a Framework for Sustainable Event Cities, Event Management, 21, 575–591.
15
Getz, D (1989), Special events؛ Defining the product, Tourism Management, 125-127.
16
Getz, D (2008), Event Tourism, Definition, Evolution, and research, Tourism Management, 29(3), 403-428.
17
Getz, D & Page, S. J (2016), Progress and prospects for event tourism research, Tourism Management, 52, 593-631.
18
Gold, J. R & Gold, M. M (2011), Olympic cities: City agendas, planning and the world's games, 1896-2016, Routledge, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon.
19
Graham Devlin Associates (2001), Festivals and The City; The Edinburgh Festivals Strategy, City of Edinburgh Council, Edinburgh.
20
Johnson, R. B & Christensen, L (2014), Educational Research: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Approaches (4th ed.), SAGE Publications, Inc.
21
Ling, C (2005), Mega-events and infrastructure improvements,The Case of the Olympic Games in Beijing 2008, Lund University.
22
Müller, M (2015), What makes an event a mega-event? Definitions and sizes, Leisure Studies, 34(6), 627–642.
23
OECD (2017), Major events as catalysts for tourism, OECD Publishing, Paris.
24
Page, S. J & Connell, J (2012), The Routledge Handbook of Events, Routledge, New York.
25
Quinn , B (2005), Arts Festivals and the City, Urban Studies, 42, 927-943.
26
Richards, G (2017), Eventful cities: Strategies for event-based urban development, In J. Hannigan, & G. Richards, The SAGE Handbook of New Urban Studies (pp. 43-60), SAGE, London.
27
Richards, G & Palmer, R (2010), Eventful Cities: Cultural Management and Urban Revitalisation, Elsevier.
28
Rius-Ulldemolins, J; Hernàndez i Martí, G.-M & Torres, F (2015), Urban Development and Cultural Policy “White Elephants”: Barcelona and Valencia, European Planning Studies, 24, 1-15.
29
Scandizzo, P. L; Nardone , R; Ferrarese , C; Quintieri, B & Pierleoni , M (2016), Economic Impact Assessment of the Rome 2024 Olympic and Paralympic Games, OpenEconomics, Roma.
30
Shakibaei , S & Tezcan , H. O (2014), Evaluating Transportation Preferences for Special Events: A Case Study for a Megacity, Istanbul, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 111, 98-106.
31
Strauf, S & Scherer, R (2010, August 19–23 ), The contribution of cultural infrastructure and events to regional development, 50th Congress of the European Regional Science??????????? .
32
Teddlie, C & Yu, F (2007), Mixed Methods Sampling: A Typology With Examples, Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1(1), 77-100.
33
Van Aalst, I & van Melik, R (2012), City festivals and urban development: does place matter? European Urban and Regional Studies, 19(2), 195-206.
34
Vancouver City Council (2008), City of Vancouver Cultural Facilities Priorities Plan, Vancouver City Council, Vancouver.
35
Ziakas, V & Costa, C. A (2011), The Use of an Event Portfolio in Regional Community and Tourism Development: Creating Synergy between Sport and Cultural Events, Journal of Sport & Tourism, 16(2), 149-175.
36
UNESCO (2017), The Creative Cities Network, Paris Cedex 15, France.
37
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Identifying and Rating Indexes and Sub-indexes in Urban Projects Portfolio Management and Presenting a Conceptual Model for Defining Urban Projects Portfolio
Municipalities play a crucial role in achieving strategic goals at the local levels. As a matter of fact one of their most important duties is to plan and implement urban programs and projects. Generally, it can be seen that the lack of integration management in projects leads to some problems such as overlapping of the projects, different conflicts, reselecting similar projects to the former unsuccessful ones, extending activity domain unconsciously, selecting further projects that cannot be afforded And etc. Portfolio management as a new approach, offers new opportunity to manage programs, projects and operations concentrated and integrally, for reaching strategic goals. Selecting and prioritizing are two main steps in portfolio projects management process. The goal of this research is to identify indexes and sub-indexes in urban projects in order to select and prioritize Tehran municipality’s urban projects through presenting a conceptual model and offers an optimum projects portfolio. This study, is practical in term of the goal, and descriptive - survey in terms of data collection. Reviewing documents, interview and questionnaire can be named as its data collection tool. We use snowball method in order to determine the sampling society. Targeted sampling were done in the questionnaire step and 30 experts and senior managers of municipalities were chosen to respond to the questionnaire. In order to analyze the interviews, we used coding method and non-parametric statistical method for questioner analysis. To analyze the questionnaires we used non parametric statistical methods. In order to prove the questioners reliability, Cronbach's alpha method were used. According to the results we could categorize indexes into eight groups which include technical, risk, financial, economic, social-cultural, environmental, organizational-political and competitiveness. Moreover we found 39 sub-indexes. Meanwhile technical, finance, social indexes are playing a crucial role in this research because they support 26 sub-indexes. Also, we suggest a conceptual model for Tehran portfolio project management which can optimize urban portfolio projects by 3 filters such as obligatory indexes, selecting indexes and prioritizing indexes. That obligatory index includes 1-support plans and visions 2-support city council policies and budget programs 3-cheacked other organizations projects in order to avoid redundant projects 4- endorse mega projects by urbanism and transportation division 5- the projects that should be supported by initial condition such as location, technical, cultural, social, passive defense, environmental and economic factors 6- technical report details. Second filter includes 31 sub-indexes but the most important sub-index induces 1-aligning with people needs and wills 2-protecting environment 3-cost of the project 4-facilitating financial project 5-mental and physical citizen health impact 6- spatial justice and distribution of projects location 7-expert experience, knowledge and skills in organization 8- up taking investment and creating employment 9- functional scale of project In the last filter, we found 34 sub-indexes among current and new project. we considered: 1- The required credit for project’s completion 2- aligning with citizens’ needs and wills 3- facilitating financial project 4-percetage of progress 5-risk (technical risk, management risk, legal risk, financial risk, external environment risk.
https://jfaup.ut.ac.ir/article_65697_d91269c86a4f45b44367eda90d4512e9.pdf
2018-02-20
57
70
10.22059/jfaup.2018.65697
Project portfolio
portfolio management
selecting and prioritizing
urban project
Conceptual Model
Majid
Parchami Jalal
parchamijalal@ut.ac.ir
1
عضو هیئت علمی- دانشگاه تهران
LEAD_AUTHOR
Esfandyar
Zebardast
zebardast@ut.ac.ir
2
معاونت پژوهشی پردیس هنرهای زیبا
AUTHOR
Hanid
Fasihi
h.fasihi70@ut.ac.ir
3
کارشناس ارشد مدیریت شهری
AUTHOR
حمیدی زاده، محمدرضا (1377)، روش تصمیم گیری چند معیاره برای انتخاب و ارزیابی پروژه ها، فصلنامه مدیر ساز، شماره 3، صص 56-73.
1
رحمانی، مریم (1390)، ارائه چارچوبی به منظور مدیریت سبد پروژه های شرکت مادر تخصصی مالی و سرمایه گذاری سینا، پایاننامه کارشناسی ارشد، دانشکده مدیریت دانشگاه تهران.
2
زارع اشکذری، جلال الدین (1390)، سیستم مدیریت سبد پروژه، مفاهیم، مبانی و رویکرد، هشتمین کنفرانس بین المللی مدیریت پروژه، تهران.
3
شهرداری تهران (الف1393)، برنامه پنج ساله دوم شهرداری تهران93-97، اداره کل برنامه و بودجه شهرداری تهران.
4
شهرداری تهران(ب1393)، نظامنامه پذیرش پروژه های جدید(تملک دارائیهای سرمایه ای غیر مستمر)، اداره کل برنامه و بودجه شهردای تهران.
5
شهرداری تهران(1390)، نظام نامهتدوینبرنامهعملیاتیشهرداریتهران 1392-1390، مدیریت سیاستگذاری و برنامه ریزی راهبردی شهرداری تهران.
6
وزارت کشور (1394)، دستورالعمل تهیه، تصویب، اجرا و پایش برنامه عملیات نوسازی و عمران و اصطلاحات شهر، سازمان شهرداری ها و دهیاری های کشور.
7
Archer, Norm P & Ghasemzadeh, Fereidoun (1999), An integrated framework for project portfolio selection, International Journal of Project Management, 17(4), pp.207-216.
8
Blichfeldt, Bodil Stilling & Eskerod, Pernille (2008), Project portfolio management–There’s more to it than what management enacts, International Journal of Project Management, 26(4), pp.357-365.
9
Bröcker, Johannes; Korzhenevych, Artem & Schürmann, Carsten (2010), Assessing spatial equity and efficiency impacts of transport infrastructure projects, Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 44(7), pp.795-811.
10
Cheng, Eddie WL & Li, Heng (2005), Analytic network process applied to project selection, Journal of construction engineering and management, 131, pp.459-466.
11
Cheung, Franco KT; Kuen, Judy Leung Fung & Skitmore, Martin (2002), Multi-criteria evaluation model for the selection of architectural consultants, Construction Management & Economics, 20(7), pp.569-580.
12
Cooper, Robert; Edgett, Scott & Kleinschmidt, Elko (2001), Portfolio management for new product development: results of an industry practices study, R&D Management, 31(4), pp.361-380.
13
Cooper, Robert G; Edgett, Scott J & Kleinschmidt, Elko J (1999), New product portfolio management: practices and performance, Journal of product innovation management, 16(4), pp.333-351.
14
Englund, Randall L & Graham, Robert J (1999), From experience: linking projects to strategy, Journal of Product Innovation Management, 16(1), pp.52-64.
15
Jenner, Stephen & Kilford, Craig (2011), Management of Portfolios, published by The Stationery Office, United kingdom.
16
Jiang, James J & Klein, Gary (1999), Project selection criteria by strategic orientation, Information & Management, 36(2), pp. 63-75.
17
Kaiser, Michael G; El Arbi, Fedi & Ahlemann, Frederik (2015), Successful project portfolio management beyond project selection techniques: Understanding the role of structural alignment, International Journal of Project Management, 33(1), 126-139. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2014.03.002.
18
Kendall, Gerald I & Rollins, Steven C (2003), Advanced project portfolio management and the PMO: multiplying ROI at warp speed, J. Ross Publishing.inc,U.S.A.
19
Kerzner, Harold (2004), Advanced project management: Best practices on implementation, Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.
20
Kim, Ingu; Shin, Shangmun; Choi, Yongsun; Thang, Nguyen Manh; Ramos, Edwin R & Hwang, Won-Joo (2009), Development of a project selection method on information system using ANP and fuzzy logic, World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology,PP.411.416. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1072804.
21
Levine, Harvey A (2005), Project portfolio management, A Practical Guide to Selecting Projects, Managing, 25-26.
22
Levine, Harvey A (2007), Project portfolio management: a practical guide to selecting projects, managing portfolios, and maximizing benefits,Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.
23
Martino, Joseph P (1995), Research and development project selection Volume 23,Published by Wiley, the University of Michigan.
24
Meade, Laura M & Presley, Adrien (2002) R&D project selection using the analytic network process, IEEE transactions on engineering management, 49(1), pp.59-66.
25
Merriam-Websters Collegiate Dictionary(2005), Eleventh Ed, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
26
Mohanty, RP (1992), Project selection by a multiple-criteria decision-making method: an example from a developing country, International Journal of Project Management, 10(1), pp. 31-38.
27
Okpala, DC (1991), Evaluation and selection of construction projects in Nigeria, Construction Management and Economics, 9(1), pp.51-61.
28
Padovani, Marisa & Carvalho, Marly M (2016), Integrated PPM Process: Scale Development and Validation, International Journal of Project Management, 34(4), pp.627-642.
29
Pennypacker, James & Staff, Enterprise Portfolio Management Council (2011), Project Portfolio management: A view from the management trenches, Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey.
30
Petro, Yacoub & Gardiner, Paul (2015), An investigation of the influence of organizational design on project portfolio success, effectiveness and business efficiency for project-based organizations, International Journal of ProjecManagement, 33(8), pp.1717-1729.
31
PMI (2006), The Standard for PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT (pp. 30-35), PMI, Pennsylvania.
32
PMI (2013), The Standard for PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT, PMI, Pennsylvania.
33
North Central Pennsylvania (2010), Project Prioritization Process & Scoring Methodology,Pennsylvania Department of Transportation and Federal Highway Administration.
34
Rad, Parviz F & Levin, Ginger (2006), Project portfolio management tools and techniques, www. iil. com/publishing????.
35
Rengarajan, S & Jagannathan, P (1997), Project selection by scoring for a large R&D organisation in a developing country, R&D Management, 27(2), pp.155-164.
36
Rose, Kenneth H (2013), A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK® Guide)—Fifth Edition Project Management Journal, Vol. 44, pp. e1-e1.
37
Shi, Jing & Zhou, Nian (2012), A quantitative transportation project investment evaluation approach with both equity and efficiency aspects, Research in Transportation Economics, 36(1), pp.93-100.
38
Thomopoulos, Nikolaos; Grant-Muller, Susan & Tight, MR (2009), Incorporating equity considerations in transport infrastructure evaluation: Current practice and a proposed methodology, Evaluation and program planning, 32(4), pp.351-359.
39
Turner, J Rodney (2014), The handbook of project-based management (Vol. 92), McGraw-hill,London.
40
United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) (2007), Financial Management for Local Government; Volume 3: Managing the Capital Investment Plan, Earthscan, London.
41
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Explanation of the relationship between human and place in architecture design process by a phenomenological approach
Today, due to the lack of the effective use of the relationship between human and place in the creation of space, man - made environments have no meaning and identity. However the first priority of designers is to recognise and understand the environment, the relationship of human and place, and it,s application to design. Because of its ability to percept the relationship between human, environment, space and place; Phenomenology can help designers. In this paper, descriptive - analytic research method has been used. There are two approaches of ontology and epistemology in the phenomenology of place. Ontological approach has largely a spatial viewpoint and searches the meaning of the place which has been defined as the spirit of place in the architecture or Life - World. The spirit of place is created by the relationship between things and gives a special sense or character to the environment and is mostly in the field of concrete dimensions. But the epistemological approach has mostly a humanistic point of view to the subject and wants to find what the place is or Lived experience. By the study of the experience structure, they suppose that the sense of place is effective for the perception of the environment. The sense of place needs directly human and human experience to exist. In addition, it is formed as a continuous cycle in which firstly, place identity (to be recognized), then belonging to the place (desired characteristics) and finally, attachment to the place (to be attached) are formed. The sense of place involves a route from the objective field to the subjective Which controls the harder it is for designers. The results of the research indicate that the use of a phenomenological approach in the architecture necessitates the use of both phenomenological approaches to the place, namely acceptance of the origin of "life-world" with social and cultural domain as well as the "lived experience" of people. In this route, formation of a place sense starts with the perception of the life-world characters (spirit of place) and ends with the attachment to place. Spirit of place exists wherever, and is formed by a combination of "space", "order" and "time", so the spirit of place cannot be created by the design. But it is both required and possible to use the spirit of place as a guide to design process in the architecture. However, regarding the use of the sense of place in the architectural design; since the sense of place results from the interaction between the human and the built environment and it is added to the architecture over time, then it cannot be established at the design stage, but with the participation of stakeholders and users in the process of design and architecture based on their beliefs and values; the capacity to create a sense of place can be increased. In addition to we can use design process evaluating by the sense of place for measuring the effectness of the design.
https://jfaup.ut.ac.ir/article_65698_c27d62fe4c7c04dc8c33741e370a2b82.pdf
2018-02-20
71
80
10.22059/jfaup.2018.200203.671327
phenomenology
Ontology
Epistemology
design of process
spirit of place
Sense of Place
samad
negintaji
snegintaji@gmail.com
1
Tarbiat Modares University
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mojtaba
Ansari
ansari_m@modares.ac.ir
2
Tarbiat Modares University
AUTHOR
hassanali
pourmand
hapourmand@modares.ac.ir
3
Tarbiat Modares University
AUTHOR
پرتوی، پروین(1388)، پدیدارشناسی مکان، فرهنگستان هنر، تهران.
1
حسنی، سید حمیدرضا (1383)، هرمنوتیک علوم انسانی "درآمدی بر هرمنوتیک ویلهم دیلتای"، فصلنامه پژوهش اخلاقی (انجمن معارف اسلامی)، دوره 1، شماره 1، صص 103-120
2
خاتمی، محمود(1387)، پدیدارشناسیهنر، فرهنگستان هنر، تهران.
3
چناری، مهین (1386)، مقایسه هوسرل، هایدگر و گادامر با محک روش شناسی، مجله: پژوهش های فلسفی – کلامی، زمستان - شماره 34، صص 113-138.
4
رضازاده، راضیه (1384)، رویکردی روانشناسانه و جامعه شناسانه به هویت مکانی در شهرهای جدید، مجموعهمقالات هویت، شهرهای جدید، کتاب دوم، انتشارات شرکت عمران شهرهای جدید، تهران.
5
شریف، حمیدرضا(1390)، تفکر نقاد و ارزیابی ایده طراحی معماری، مجله صفه، سال بیست و یکم، شماره 53، صص 53-64.
6
شولتز، کریستیان نوربرگ(1381)، معماری: حضور، زبان و مکان، ترجمه علیرضا سید علویان، انتشارات نیلوفر، تهران.
7
شولتز، کریستیان نوربرگ(1388)، روح مکان به سوی پدیدارشناسی معماری، ترجمه محمدرضا شیرازی، انتشارات رخ داد نو، تهران.
8
صبری، رضا سیروس (1393)، تحول در طراحی، فرایند طراحی با اسطوره، تصور و ذهن طراحانه، انتشارات پرهام نقش، تهران.
9
طاهری، جعفر (1391)، نسبت طراحی با تحقیق، مجله صفه، دوره 22، شماره 56، صص 7-22.
10
کلامی، مریم؛ ندیمی، حمید(1393)، تاملی بر نقش دانش شخصی از موقعیت طراحی در شکل گیری مولدهای اولیه طراحی، مجله صفه، شماره 64، صص19-31.
11
لاوسون، برایان (1384)، طراحان چگونه می اندیشند، مترجم حمید ندیمی، انتشارات دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران.
12
لنگ، جان(1386)، آفرینش نظریه معماری: نقش علوم رفتاری در طراحی محیط، مترجم علیرضا عینی فر، انتشارات دانشگاه تهران، تهران.
13
لینچ، کوین (1381)، تئوری شکل خوب شهر، ترجمۀ سید حسین بحرینی، انتشارات دانشگاه تهران، تهران.
14
محمودی، سید امیرسعید؛ ناری قمی، مسعود (1393)، ارزیابی پس از بهره برداری یک هدف و یک وسیله آموزشی در معماری، مجله هنرهای زیبا-معماری و شهرسازی، دوره 19، شماره، صص171-82.
15
مصطفوی، شمش الملوک (1391)، هایدگر و پدیدارشناسی هرمنوتیکی هنر، فصلنامه کیمیای هنر، سال اول، شماره 3، صص؟؟؟؟؟؟؟؟؟؟؟
16
هوسرل، ادموند(1386). ایدهی پدیدهشناسی، ترجمهی عبدالکریم رشیدیان، انتشارات علمی و فرهنگی، تهران.
17
Altman, Irwin & Low, Setha (1992), Place Attachment, Plenum Press, New York.
18
Battisto, Dina & Franqui, Deborah (2014), Linking Programming, Design and Post Occupancy Evaluation: A Primary Care Clinic Case Study, ARCC Conference Repository, ????.
19
Cross, Jennifer Eileen (2003), Conceptualizing Community Attachment [Online], Available: http://www.ruralsociology.org/annual-meeting/2003/CrossJennifer.pdf
20
Dorst, Kees (2004), The Problem of Design Problems - Problem Solving and Design Expertise, Journal of Design Research, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp.??????.
21
Gifford, Robert )2002(, Environmental Psychology: Principles and Practice, Optimal Books, Canada.
22
Hummon, David Mark (1992), Community Attachment: Local Sentiment and Sense of Place. In I. Altman & S. Low (Eds.), Place Attachment (Vol. 12, pp. 253-278), NY: Plenum Press, New York.
23
Inglis, Judi; Deery, Margaret & Whitelaw, Paul (2008), The Development of Place Attachment in Parks, Cooperative Research Centre for Sustainable Tourism, Australia.
24
Jackson, John Brinckerhoff) 1994(, A Sense of Place, a Sense of Time, Yale University Press, New Haven.
25
Jiven, Gunilan & Peter Larkham (2003), Sense of Place: Authenticity and Character, Journal of Urban Design, 8 (1), pp.67-81.
26
Jorgensen, Bradley S & Stedman, Richard C (2006), A comparative analysis of predictors of sense of place dimensions: Attachment to, dependence on, and identification with lakeshore properties, Journal of Environmental Management, Vol. 79, pp. 316-327.
27
Jorgensen, Bradley S & Stedman, Richard C (2011), Measuring the spatial component of sense of place: a methodology for research on the spatial dynamics of psychological experiences of places, Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, Vol. 38, pp. 795 -813.
28
Koch, Tina (1996), Implementation of a hermeneutic inquiry in nursing: Philosophy, rigor and representation, Journal of Advanced Nursing, 24, pp.174-184.
29
Laverty, Susann M (2003), Hermeneutic phenomenology and phenomenology: A comparison of historical and methodological considerations, International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 2(3), pp.1-29.
30
Moore, Gary T (1974), The Design Process, Department of architecture, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee.
31
Najafi, Mina; Bin, Mohd Shariff & Mustafa, Kamal (2011), The Concept of Place and Sense of Place In Architectural Studies, International Journal of Human and Social Sciences, Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 187-193.
32
Nanzer, Bruce (2004), Measuring Sense of Place: A Scale for Michigan, Administrative Theory & Praxis, Vol. 26, No. 3, pp. 362-382.
33
Ouf, Ahmed M. Salah (2001), Authenticity and the Sense of Place in Urban Design, Journal of Urban Design, Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 73-86.
34
Pretty, Grace H; Chipuer, Heather M & Bramston, Paul ) 2003(, Sense of place amongst adolescents and adults in two rural Australian towns: the discriminating features of place attachment, sense of community and place dependence in relation to place identity, Journal of Environmental Psychology, 23, pp.273-287.
35
Relph, Edward C (1976), Place and placelessness, Pion, London.
36
Sack, Robert David (1997), Homo Geographicus, The Johns Hopkins University Press, London.
37
Shamai, Shmuel & Ilatov, Zinaida (2005), Measuring Sense of Place: Methodological aspects, Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie (TESG), 96(5), 467-476.
38
Steele, Fritz)1981), Sense of place, CBI Pub, Boston.
39
Tuan, Yi-Fu (1977), Space and Place The Perspective of Experience, University of Minnesota Press, New York.
40
Van Manen, Max (1997), Researching lived experience: Human science for an action sensitive pedagogy, ON: The Althouse Press, London.
41
Verschuure, Gerdy (2009), Long Live the Genius Loci, The 4th International Conference of the International Forum on Urbanism (IFoU)– Urbanism beyond Neo-Liberalism, Amsterdam.
42
Williams, Daniel, R & Vaske, Jerry, J (2003), The Measurement of Place Attachment: Validity and Generalizability of a Psychometric Approach, Journal of Forest Science, 49, 830-840.
43
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A holistic approach to "the relationship between culture and nature" in "cultural landscape", Case study of Bam, Iran
The concept of cultural landscape, as the product of the interaction between culture and micro-ecosystem over the passage of time, have been formed with the aim of bridging the gap between the concept of culture and nature in modern atomistic perspective and re-linking these two concepts in an approach called "holistic" in this paper. Over the passage of time, this concept attracted the special attention of conservation organizations as a form of human cultural heritage. However, the boundaries between the natural and cultural landscapes deriving from atomistic viewpoint still exists. The purpose of this paper is to examine the challenges of making these boundaries and develop a holistic model for recognition and classification of cultural landscapes based on the proportion of culture and nature of cultural landscapes. The key question is what elements are included in the explanation of culture and nature proportion in cultural landscape and how the logical relationships between them can be explained. Given the general approach of the paper that is making theory and analytical model, the qualitative research method is used; and case study is applied in order to explain the model resulted from qualitative analysis. In this paper, an analytical model is presented in order to recognize and classify cultural landscapes based on the proportion of culture and nature. This model suggests that the recognition of a cultural landscape is subject to the identification of three main factors shaping each cultural landscape, including “the human intervention in nature”, “the type of this intervention regarding being tangible or intangible”, and “the time of formation and existence continuity of that landscape”. Comprehensive coverage of the different types of cultural landscapes and identification of the main factors shaping each cultural landscape; as well as solving the problem of demarcation of cultural and natural landscapes can be mentioned as the results of this analytical model. Following that, using the proposed model, the interaction of man and nature in the urban landscape of Bam in three scales of small (garden-house), medium (garden-alley), and large (garden- city) are identified and analyzed. Secondary outcome is revealing the importance of “the cause of interventions” in identification of cultural landscapes; so that the main interventions shaping the cultural landscape of Bam are divided into three groups of tangible interventions based on economy, housing and social relations. The cause of interventions, in addition to helping Bam Cultural Landscape recognition, reveals the importance of economy in the formation and continuity of cultural landscape, and defines the type and extent of man's relationship with nature and social relations of the city residents. This importance is such that the sustainability of life in the city of Bam without the balance of economic cycle based on horticulture and cultivation of palm trees seems impossible. By explaining the proposed analytical model of this research in “Bam Cultural Landscape”, the efficiency of the model holism in covering the identification and analysis of cultural landscapes in different contexts and scales can be concluded.
https://jfaup.ut.ac.ir/article_65699_e31515231164a3ef62a79ad26a0e8363.pdf
2018-02-20
81
92
10.22059/jfaup.2018.207385.671397
Cultural Landscape
nature
Culture
Holistic Approach
Bam Cultural Landscape
Alireza
Einifar
aeinifar@ut.ac.ir
1
عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه تهران، استاد
AUTHOR
Parastoo
Eshrati
eshrati@ut.ac.ir
2
Assistance Professor, School of Architecture, College of Fine Arts, University of Tehran
LEAD_AUTHOR
احمدی، نرگس(1387)، گزارشی کوتاه از مطالعات و اقدامات باستانشناختی پروژه نجاتبخشی میراث فرهنگی بم، دومین سالنامه گزارش فعالیتهای مطالعاتی و اجرایی پروژه نجاتبخشی میراث فرهنگی بم- (ارگ)، شماره دوم، تابستان 1387، تهران: پایگاه پژوهشی ارگ بم، صص 62-53.
1
اسپیرن، آن ویستون (1384)، زبان منظر، ترجمه: بحرینی، سید حسین؛ امینزاده، بهناز، انتشارات دانشگاه تهران، تهران.
2
آشوری، داریوش (1380)، تعریفها و مفهوم فرهنگ، آگه، چاپ اول ویراست سوم، تهران.
3
حناچی، پیروز (1383)، سخنرانی افتتاحیه، در: مجموعه مقالات کارگاه تخصصی تدوین منشور توسعه پایدار بم، تهران، نشر انشاء، صص 8-5.
4
حناچی، پیروز و عشرتی، پرستو (1390)، واکاوی اصلیترین چالشهای مفهوم منظر فرهنگی، با تکیه بر بازشناخت و تحلیل کارنامهی هجده سالهی این مفهوم در مرکز میراث جهانی یونسکو، دو فصلنامه علمی- پژوهشی نامهی معماری و شهرسازی، سال چهارم، شماره 7، صص 163-147.
5
زارع، شهرام(1387)، بررسی باستانشناسی محوطه افراز/ گسل بم، دومین سالنامه گزارش فعالیتهای مطالعاتی و اجرایی پروژه نجاتبخشی میراث فرهنگی بم- (ارگ)، شماره دوم، تابستان 1387، تهران: پایگاه پژوهشی ارگ بم، صص 92-75.
6
طالبیان، محمدحسن و فلاحت، محمدصادق (گردآوری و تدوین) (1388)، منظرهای فرهنگی: مجموعه مباحث کارگاه کارشناسی ارتقاء مدیریت و برنامهریزی منظرهای فرهنگی میراث جهانی، خردادماه 1385، بنیاد پژوهشی پارسه-پاسارگاد با همکاری دفتر امور فرهنگی- اداره برنامهریزی و نشر، مرودشت.
7
عشرتی، پرستو (1391)، توسعه چارچوب نظری مفهوم منظر فرهنگی با تأکید بر حفاطت منظر شهری تاریخی اصفهان، رساله دکتری، دانشگاه تهران: پردیس هنرهای زیبا، دانشکده معماری.
8
عشرتی، پرستو و حناچی، پیروز (1394)، تعریفی نوین از مفهوم منظر فرهنگی مبتنی بر فرآیند شکلگیری آن، نشریه علمی- پژوهشی نقش جهان، مطالعات نظری و فناوریهای نوین معماری و شهرسازی، دوره 5، شماره 3، صص 51-42.
9
عینیفر، علیرضا (1383)، تدوین مدلی نظری برای توسعه پایدار بم، در: مجموعه مقالات کارگاه تخصصی تدوین منشور توسعه پایدار بم، تهران: نشر انشاء، صص 36-30.
10
گلپایگانی، عبدالرضا و عینیفر، علیرضا (1386)، گونهشناسی و راهنمای طراحی مسکن بم، وزارت مسکن و شهرسازی و برنامۀ عمران سازمان ملل، تهران.
11
Bandarin, Francesco (2010), Interview with Francesco Bandarin, Unesco World Heritage, on Cultural Landscapes, Retrieved from: http://dirt.asla.org/2010/03/10/interview-with-francesco-bandarin-unesco-world-heritage-on-cultural-landscapes, Retrieved 21 June 21, 2010.
12
Besio, Mariolina (2003), Conservation Planning: The European Case of Rural Landscape, in: UNESCO World Heritage Paper 7: Cultural Landscape: the Challenges of Conservation, UNESCO World Heritage Center, pp. 60-67.
13
Birnbaum, Charles .A & Capella Peters, Christine (eds.) (1996), The Secretary of the interior’s standards for the treatment of historic properties with guideline for the treatment of cultural landscape, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Cultural Resource Stewardship and Partnership, Herutage Preservation Services, Historic Landscape Initiative.
14
Buggey, Susan & Mitchell, Nora (2003), Cultural Landscape Management Challenges and Promising New Directions in the United States and Canada, in: UNESCO World Heritage Paper 7: Cultural Landscape: the Challenges of Conservation, UNESCO World Heritage Center, pp. 92-100.
15
Declaration of Jerusalem (2006), International Workshop ‘New Approaches to Urban Conservation’, Brigham Young University, Jerusalem, 4-6 June 2006.
16
Declaration of Quebec (2008), Declaration on the Preservation of the Spirit of Place, Retrieved from: https://whc.unesco.org/uploads/activities/documents/activity-646-2.pdf, Retrieved 25 October, 2017.
17
Dladla, Yvonne (1999), Krüger National Park as a Cultural Landscape, in: Rossler, Mechtild, Saouma-Forero, Galia (eds) The World Heritage Convention and Cultural Landscape in Africa, Expert Meeting, Tiwi, Kenya, 9-14 March 1999, UNESCO.
18
Eboreime, Joseph (2003), Sukur Cultural Landscape of Nigeria: a Challenge to Conservation Management'', in: UNESCO World Heritage Paper 7: Cultural Landscape: the Challenges of Conservation, UNESCO World Heritage Center, pp. 92-100.
19
Fadaei Nezhad, Somayeh; Eshrati, Parastoo & Eshrati, Dorna (2015), A Definition of Authenticity Concept in Conservation of Cultural Landscapes, Archnet-IJAR, Volume 9, Issue 1, pp. 93-107.
20
Ferdinands, Keith (2004), Landscape Ecology and GIS, Charles Darwin University, July 2004.
21
Khajeh Nezami, Alireza (2015, July 31), Bam, [Instagram Post: @alirezakhajehnezami], Retrieved from: https://www.instagram.com /p/5xcJGlNwKB/
22
Khajeh Nezami, Alireza (2016, July 12), Bam, [Instagram Post: @alirezakhajehnezami], Retrieved from: https://www.instagram.com /p/BHwTbtOh-e2/
23
Khorasani, Mohammad Hosein (2017, February 15), Bam, [Instagram Post: @mustseebam], Retrieved from: https://www.instagram.com/p/BQiAfZCj8cI/
24
Lisitzin, K & Stovel, H (2003), Training Challenges in the Management of Heritage Territories and Landscape, In: UNESCO World Heritage Paper 7: Cultural Landscape: the Challenges of Conservation; UNESCO World Heritage Center; pp. 33-36.
25
Longstreth, R (ed.) (2008), Cultural Landscape, Balancing Nature and Heritage in preservation Practice, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.
26
Mitchell, N. (2008), Considering the Authenticity of Cultural Landscape, in: Waite, Diana. (Ed.), APT Bulletin (pp. 25-32), Vol. XXXIX, No.2-3, Published by Association for Preservation Technology International.
27
Mitchell, Nora; Buggey, Susan (2000), 'Protected Landscapes and Cultural Landscapes: Taking Advantage of Diverse Approaches', in: Landscape Stewardship: New Directions in Conservation of Nature and Culture, the George Write Forum 17 (1), the George Wright Society.
28
Mitchell, Nora; Rossler, Mechtild; Tricaud, Pierre-Marie (2009), World Heritage Cultural Landscapes: A Handbook for Conservation and Management, World Heritage Paper 26, Paris: UNESCO World Heritage Center.
29
NZHPT (2003), New Zealand Historic Places Trust/ Pouhere Taonga, Heritage landscape think tank- report on proceedings, Wellington, New Zealand.
30
Parks Canada (2004), Parks Canada guiding principles and operational policies, http://www.pc.gc.poli/princip/gloss_E.asp, Retrieved 8 November 8, 2011.
31
Phillips, Adrian (1998), the Nature of Cultural Landscape- A Nature Conservation Perspective, Landscape Research 23 (1), pp. 21-38.
32
Prieur, Michel (2003), 'Legal Provisions for Cultural Landscape Protection in Europe', in: UNESCO World Heritage Paper 7: Cultural Landscape: the Challenges of Conservation, UNESCO World Heritage Center, Paper 7, pp. 149-155.
33
Rahimi, Vahid (2016, January 19), Bam, [Instagram Post: @rahimivahid136], Retrieved from: https://www.instagram.com/p/BAuqS41tX5l/
34
Rahimi, Vahid (2016, March 27), Bam, [Instagram Post: @rahimivahid136], Retrieved from: https://www.instagram.com/p/BDdOQ9Jm2sO/
35
Sauer, Carl O. (1925), the Morphology of Landscape, in: J. Leighly (ed.) (1969) Land and Life: a Selection from the Writings of Carl Ortwin Sauer, Berkeley, University of California Press, California, pp. 315-350.
36
Schmid, Arno (2003), International Federation of Landscape Architects (IFLA), In: UNESCO World Heritage Paper 7: Cultural Landscape: the Challenges of Conservation; UNESCO World Heritage Center; pp. 33-36.
37
Stilgoe, John R. (1982), Common Landscape of America, 1580 to 1845, Connecticut: Yale University Press, New Haven.
38
Synthesis Report of the Expert Meeting on African Cultural Landscapes (1999), in: Rossler, Mechtild, Saouma-Forero, Galia (eds.), The World Heritage Convention and Cultural Landscape in Africa, Expert Meeting, Tiwi, Kenya, 9-14 March 1999, UNESCO.
39
UNESCO World Heritage Center (1992), Revision of the Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention: Report of the Expert Group on Cultural Landscape, Retrieved from: www.whc.unesco.org, [visited on October 15, 2009].
40
UNESCO World Heritage Centre (2003), UNESCO World Heritage Paper 7: Cultural Landscape: the Challenges of Conservation, UNESCO World Heritage Centre Paper 7, UNESCO World Heritage Center, Paris.
41
UNESCO World Heritage Center (2008), Revision of the Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention: Report of the Expert Group on Cultural Landscape, www.whc.unesco.org, Retrieved 20 October, 2010.
42
UNESCO World Heritage List (2016a), Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range, http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1142, Retrieved 17 October, 2017.
43
UNESCO World Heritage List (2016b), Bam and its Cultural Landscape, http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/1208, Retrieved 20 October, 2017.
44
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Experimental Study of temperature, relative humidity and wind speed of traditional houses at hot and humid climate of Iran
(Case study: Tabib and Nozari houses in Bushehr)
Today, considerable amount of energy is spent for heating and cooling indoor environments to provide thermal comfort for the building's residents. Availability of modern heating and cooling systems caused to pay no attention to non-active solutions in the modern architecture .Greenhouse gas emissions and global warming in recent years and high energy consumption in the residential sector caused more attention to be paid on climatic strategies and more effort is made to use such strategies in local and traditional architecture in modern buildings. Building and climatic strategies used in local and traditional buildings for so many years based on trial and error and these experiences are going to be forgotten. The most traditional buildings in hot and dry climates have been comfortable for residences passively compared to modern buildings and consumed less energy for air conditioning. Located in southern part of Iran, Bushehr with hot and humid climate has a spectacular vernacular architecture. It has many creative architectural aspects applied in order to reduce high air temperature and humidity. These features use two main strategies to moderate the harsh weather condition: shading and natural ventilation. This article aims to identify the effects of thermal passive strategies and features used in vernacular architecture of Bushehr through experimental study. As so in the first step, thermally passive features and elements were described. Second two case studies were selected for experimental data study, one in the coastal area and another inside the city context. The main climate variables including air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed were recorded in a week from 27th September to 27th October. The sensor data loggers were installed in different spaces in the case studied buildings. Based on the results the average indoor air temperature in case studies is 6% less compared to outdoor temperature. While relative humidity is about 18% less than outdoor relative humidity, indoor wind velocity is in thermal comfort zone. The results show that the main passive features used to provide indoor thermal comfort are natural ventilation and shading and the techniques are as follow: a) Catching desired wind flow from sea. b) Use of light color on exterior building envelops. c) Application of materials with low thermal capacity, such as wood in ceiling, windows and shading devices. d) Application of porous local materials (coral stone and gypsum) to prevent humidity absorption in building envelops. e) Design of deep veranda, and shading elements and semi-open spaces called “Tarmeh” to make cool shading spaces. f) Use of central courtyard to make microclimates with lower air temperature and humidity. g) Room arrangement around a central courtyard to provide natural cross ventilation transferring wind flow from alleys to rooms. h) Considerably high height to width ratio of alleys helping to increase wind flow speed and shade building exterior walls. The lessons learned from Bushehr vernacular architecture can be used to define guidelines for new building design in hot and humid climate which leads to reduction in energy consumption and sustainable architecture.
https://jfaup.ut.ac.ir/article_65700_c1532083c9b6e1e2e99ada606344b452.pdf
2018-02-20
93
105
10.22059/jfaup.2018.229533.671660
Thermal comfort
Traditional architecture
Gloshan’s house
Dehdashti’s house
Hot and humid climate
Bushehr
jalil
shaeri
shaer.jalil@gmail.com
1
shiraz university
LEAD_AUTHOR
mahmood
yaghoobi
yaghoubi@shirazu.ac.ir
2
mechanical school, shiraz university, iran.
AUTHOR
mohammad
aliabadi
aliabadi.essay@gmail.com
3
Shiraz university, Faculty of art and architecture
AUTHOR
roza
vakilinazhad
arch.rv@shirazu.ac.ir
4
Assistant professor, Faculty of art and architecture, Shiraz university, Shiraz, Iran
AUTHOR
رنجبر، ا؛ پورجعفر، م و خلیجی، ک (1389)، خلاقیت های طراحی اقلیمی متناسب با جریان باد در بافت قدیم بوشهر، باغ نظر، 13، صص 17–34.
1
کریمی، ب (1391)، تاثیر معماری قدیم بوشهر بر فرهنگ و معماری کشورهای حاشیه خلیج فارس (مطالعه موردی محله البستکیه شهر دبی)، هویت شهر، 11، صص 85–96.
2
نیکقدم، ن (1395)، تاثیر باد و آفتاب در تعدیل شرایط گرمایی خانه های یوشهر نمونه موردی: خانه گلشن، نشریه علمی - پژوهشی انجمن علمی معماری و شهرسازی ایران، 12، صص 29–46.
3
هدایت، ا و طبائیان، م (1391)، بررسی عناصر شکل دهنده و دلایل وجودی ان ها در خانه های سنتی تاریخی بوشهر، نشریه شهر و معماری بومی، 3، صص 35–54.
4
Al-Hinai, H; Batty, W. J & Probert, S. D (1993), Vernacular architecture of Oman: Features that enhance thermal comfort achieved within buildings, Applied Energy, 44(3), pp.233–258. http://doi.org/10.1016/0306-2619(93)90019-L.
5
Borong, L; Gang, T; Peng, W; Ling, S; Yingxin, Z & Guangkui, Z (2004), Study on the thermal performance of the Chinese traditional vernacular dwellings in Summer, Energy and Buildings, 36(1), pp.73–79. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7788(03)00090-2.
6
Bravo, G & González, E (2013), Thermal comfort in naturally ventilated spaces and under indirect evaporative passive cooling conditions in hot–humid climate, Energy and Buildings, 63, pp.79–86. http://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.enbuild .2013 .03.007.
7
Cândido, C; de Dear, R. J; Lamberts, R & Bittencourt, L (2010), Air movement acceptability limits and thermal comfort in Brazil’s hot humid climate zone, Building and Environment, 45(1), pp.222–229. http://doi.org/10. 1016/j.buildenv. 2009.06.005.
8
Cheng, V; Ng, E & Givoni, B (2005), Effect of envelope colour and thermal mass on indoor temperatures in hot humid climate, Solar Energy, 78(4), pp.528–534. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2004.05.005.
9
Dili, A. S; Naseer, M. A & Varghese, T. Z (2010), Thermal comfort study of Kerala traditional residential buildings based on questionnaire survey among occupants of traditional and modern buildings, Energy and Buildings, 42(11), pp. 2139–2150. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2010.07.004.
10
Foruzanmehr, A (2012), Summer-time thermal comfort in vernacular earth dwellings in Yazd, Iran, International Journal of Sustainable Design, 2(1), p.46. http://doi.org/10.1504/IJSDES.2012.051479.
11
Gustavsson, L; Joelsson, A & Sathre, R (2010), Life cycle primary energy use and carbon emission of an eight-storey wood-framed apartment building. Energy and Buildings, 42(2), pp.230–242. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2009.08.018.
12
Gustavsson, L & Sathre, R (2006), Variability in energy and carbon dioxide balances of wood and concrete building materials, Building and Environment, 41(7), pp.940–951. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.04.008.
13
Labaki, L. C & Kowaltowski, D. C. C. K (1998), Bioclimatic and vernacular design in urban settlements of Brazil. Building and Environment, 33(1), pp.63–77. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0360-1323(97)00024-3.
14
Nematchoua, M. K, Tchinda, R & Orosa, J. a (2014), Thermal comfort and energy consumption in modern versus traditional buildings in Cameroon: A questionnaire-based statistical study, Applied Energy, 114, pp.687–699. http://doi.org/10 .1016/j.apenergy.2013.10.036.
15
Peng, C (2010), Survey of thermal comfort in residential buildings under natural conditions in hot humid and cold wet seasons in Nanjing, Frontiers of Architecture and Civil Engineering in China, 4(4), pp. 503–511. http://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-010-0095-1.
16
Ramli, N. H (2012), Re-adaptation of Malay House Thermal Comfort Design Elements into Modern Building Elements – Case Study of Selangor Traditional Malay House & Low Energy Building in Malaysia. Iranica Journal of Energy & Environment, 3, pp.19–23. http://doi.org/10.5829/idosi.ijee.2012.03.05.04.
17
Rupp, R. F & Ghisi, E (2014), What is the most adequate method to assess thermal comfort in hybrid commercial buildings located in hot-humid summer climate? Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 29, pp.449–462. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2013.08.102.
18
Ryu, Y; Kim, S & Lee, D (2009), The influence of wind flows on thermal comfort in the Daechung of a traditional Korean house. Building and Environment, 44(1), pp.18–26. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2008.01.007.
19
Saadatian, O; Haw, L. C; Sopian, K & Sulaiman, M. Y (2012), Review of windcatcher technologies, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(3), pp.1477–1495. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2011.11.037.
20
Sarkar, A (2013), Study of climate responsive passive design features in traditional hill architecture of Khyah village in Hamirpur, Himachal Pradesh, India for indoor thermal comfort, Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series A, 94(1), pp.59–72. http://doi.org/10.1007/s40030-013-0033-z.
21
Singh, M. K; Mahapatra, S & Atreya, S. K (2009), Bioclimatism and vernacular architecture of north-east India, Building and Environment, 44(5), pp.878–888. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2008.06.008.
22
Singh, M. K; Mahapatra, S & Atreya, S. K (2010), Thermal performance study and evaluation of comfort temperatures in vernacular buildings of North-East India, Building and Environment, 45(2), pp. 320–329. http://doi.org/10.1016/j .buildenv.2009.06.009
23
Takapoomanesh, S (n.d.), Understanding patterns of sustainable architecture in residential buildings of the historic fabric of Bushehr, Architecture and Building, ????????????, pp.130–135.
24
Toe, D. H. C & Kubota, T (2015), Comparative assessment of vernacular passive cooling techniques for improving indoor thermal comfort of modern terraced houses in hot–humid climate of Malaysia, Solar Energy, 114, pp.229–258, http://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2015.01.035.
25
Tzikopoulos, A. F; Karatza, M. C & Paravantis, J. A (2005), Modeling energy efficiency of bioclimatic buildings, Energy and Buildings, 37(5), pp.529–544. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2004.09.002.
26
Wang, L. J; Liu, J. P; Liu, Y. F; Wang, Y. Y & Chen, J (2011), Study on thermal environment of traditional architecture in tropic climate. Advanced Materials Research, 243-249, pp.6857–6861. http://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific .net/ AMR.243-249.6857.
27
Zain, Z. M; Taib, M. N & Baki, S. M. S (2007), Hot and humid climate: prospect for thermal comfort in residential building. Desalination, 209(1-3), pp.261–268. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2007.04.036.
28
Zhang, Y; Wang, J; Chen, H; Zhang, J & Meng, Q (2010), Thermal comfort in naturally ventilated buildings in hot-humid area of China. Building and Environment, 45(11), pp.2562–2570. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2010.05.024.
29